Sarcoma: features and types of disease
This disease has a number of similarities with cancerous tumors:
- tumors may reappear after removal;
- possible metastases;
- Infiltrating growth can provoke the destruction of neighboring tissues.
The first difference between these two tumorsis that the cancerous malignant formations can occur only in the epithelium, and the sarcoma in the connective tissues. In addition, the latter can spread through the blood vessels, while cancer tumors - through the lymphatic. In many respects, the symptoms of these diseases are not similar. Depending on where the sarcoma was formed, the harbingers will be different. A significant role is played by the type of tumor. Distinguish:
- sarcoma of bones;
- soft tissue sarcoma;
- Complex species that have not yet been classified.
Among the others, the latter include sarcomaKaposi, which in our country is extremely rare. Mostly it is sick of mature men in equatorial Africa. Each species is divided into subspecies. For example, sarcoma of bones unites osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, fibrosarcoma, lymphosarcoma, as well as a round cell and sarcoma of Ewing. The same soft tissue disease can manifest itself in the form of liposarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, angiosarcoma, synovial, neurogenic and myogenic sarcoma. Symptoms of sarcoma can be identified in the early stages. 
Sarcoma bones: the main symptoms
Sarcoma of the brain Tumors of this species can beintra- and extra-cerebral. From connective tissues of the brain, both loose and dense tumors can develop. If the neoplasm is inside, then it does not have clear boundaries, so it grows very quickly and affects healthy tissues. No less aggressive is considered an extra-cerebral tumor, since despite clear contours, it can grow into the brain tissue and damage neighboring structures. Sarcoma of the brain can be diagnosed using computed tomography or ultrasound. The main symptoms are:
- headache and dizziness;
- frequent vomiting;
- impaired vision;
- epilepsy;
- signs of meningitis;
- mental disorders.
Ewing's sarcoma This malignant neoplasm can affect the pelvis, collarbone, ribs, spine, and also the lower part of the tubular bones. Tumors are aggressive and early start up metastases. Common symptoms:
- pain in the lesion (often perceived as a painful sensation after trauma), which do not pass, but intensify;
- disturbance of daytime activity and sleep;
- pain during palpation;
- edema at the site of injury;
- enlarged and enlarged veins;
- heat;
- decreased appetite and general weakness.
Sarcoma Askin Malignant tumors of this variety affect the bones and soft tissues of the sternum. The main symptoms are:
- spitting blood;
- pleural effusion;
- respiratory insufficiency.
Sarcoma of the jaw Depending on the location of the tumor, the symptoms may differ. The main signs of central sarcoma:
- temporary, and then constant aching pain;
- deformation of the jaw;
- low sensitivity of the pulp in the place of injury;
- increasing shakiness of teeth;
- numbness of the lips;
- sulphurous discharge from the nose.
The main signs of peripheral sarcoma:
- noticeable deformation of the jaw;
- speech impairment;
- difficult breathing of the nose;
- limited mobility of the lower jaw;
- increased dental mobility.
Soft tissue sarcomas
Tumors of soft tissues are much easierdiagnose than sarcomas of the bone. The whole reason is that the symptoms in the first case are more pronounced. The main sign of the defeat of soft tissue sarcoma is unconscious night pain in the legs, especially when no painkillers help. Pericardial sarcoma The outer shell of the heart is called the pericardium, it consists of connective tissues. The main symptoms of pericardial damage:
- failure of the heart rate;
- strong swelling of the legs;
- lack of air and chest pressure;
- squeezing of the heart cavities;
- dry cough;
- weakness in the muscles.
Sarcoma of the lungs In the first stages this disease passes without symptoms, so it is very difficult to diagnose it. Later, the following symptoms may appear:
- pericarditis;
- disorder swallowing act;
- syndrome of compression of the superior vena cava.
Sarcoma of the uterus Very rare disease, whichoccurs in 3-5% of women, mainly during menopause. It is also difficult to diagnose, as the signs are not always visible. However, there are a number of characteristic symptoms:
- bloody discharge, which are not related to menstruation;
- abdominal pain;
- feeling of squeezing of neighboring organs.
Features of treatment
In most cases, the sarcoma occurs suddenly, that is, for no apparent reason. But nevertheless there are a number of factors with which the occurrence of this disease is associated:
- exposure to chemical carcinogens;
- ionizing radiation;
- heredity (inclination).
Soft tissue sarcoma can be affected in anyage, but most often it affects people with white skin after 40 years (mean age - 50 years). This is the only regularity that doctors have discovered. More than anything, experts have not found out. Treat malignant tumors often surgically. Thanks to the fact that all operations allow you to save organs, the body quickly restores. In the event that a radical operation is impossible, the doctors resort to radiation and chemotherapy. The effectiveness of existing methods of treatment does not guarantee a 100% recovery, and if plus metastases were found, the probability of cure is almost zero. Approximately 20% of patients can prolong life by 5 years by radical removal of tumors and metastases. The main problem remains a disease-relapse. The lowest risk of recurrence is observed with tumors of the lower extremities (less than 25%), and the highest - with retroperitoneal sarcoma (about 75%). The patient has a high probability of recovery if:
- he is under 50 years of age;
- low malignancy of the tumor;
- painful sensations in the field of sarcoma;
- small size of the tumor;
- the location of sarcoma on the limbs;
- absence of metastases.
The earlier the patient will pay attention to the symptoms and consult a doctor, the more likely the recovery will be.
