Pain caused by ischemic heart disease
Pain is most often a consequencecardiovascular diseases. The heart is the central organ of the human body, which never stops working for a minute. Cardiovascular diseases are the most common diseases, according to official data. They are also the cause of high mortality. Among them, ischemic heart disease occupies a special place. This is a complex of diseases associated with dysfunction of this organ and lack of blood supply. It can often appear against the background of so-called coronary insufficiency (spasm of the arteries that supply the heart with oxygen). The supply of oxygen to the myocardium must be constant, otherwise cardiomyocytes (cells) will begin to die. As a result, foci of necrosis and infarction can occur. Compression of the arteries is more often observed in coronary heart disease, as a result of which optimal blood flow is disrupted, blood pressure increases and the heart does not receive oxygen in full. The cause of ischemia can also be the presence of atherosclerotic plaques that clog the lumen of the vessels. Vasospasm is characterized by the appearance of acute pain in the chest, which can radiate to the left shoulder blade or arm. The pain can intensify when inhaling, while the patient turns very pale or, on the contrary, red. Blood pressure increases. These pains may not last long and be a consequence of angina or tension, if they were provoked by nervous and mental stress. They can also develop with angina at rest. Chest pains are relieved with nitroglycerin, which should have an effect within minutes. They should not be tolerated.
Pain with myocardial infarction
Very often, angina can develop into a heart attack.If nitroglycerin does not help, then a second dose is taken, if this does not help, then it is necessary to urgently call an ambulance. The pain intensifies and becomes unbearable. This is due to the fact that as a result of impaired blood flow, myocardial cells begin to die. Such a patient may lose consciousness or die from shock. The pressure drops sharply. Myocardial infarction can also be asymptomatic, and patients endure it on their feet, which can cause death. There are atypical forms of myocardial infarction. They are characterized by the appearance of pain not in the chest area, but in other parts of the body: on the face, neck, left arm. Such pain often appears in elderly people. The main symptoms are pallor, cyanosis of the lips and fingertips, a drop in blood pressure, weakness, and heart rhythm disturbances. During an infarction, it has a burning, pressing, or squeezing character. It can spread to the entire chest and even the abdomen, radiating to the left collarbone or shoulder blade, which very often causes difficulties in diagnosing this pathology.
Other heart diseases that cause pain syndrome
Pain can also occur with other diseases.cardiovascular system, such as mitral valve prolapse, aneurysm, pulmonary embolism. Mitral valve prolapse is characterized by the deflection of the mitral valve cusps inward into the atrium. Chest pain, fainting, and weakness are often observed. This pathology may be asymptomatic. Pain is a transient, optional symptom. Another reason for the appearance of this symptom is an arterial aneurysm. It is characterized by the bulging of the vessel wall inward, which contributes to the disruption of blood flow, blockage of the vessel. It causes shortness of breath, chest pain, and other symptoms. This pathology is dangerous due to its complication - rupture, which is why it requires urgent medical care. In most cases, an aneurysm can be a consequence of the development of atherosclerosis. An aneurysm can be dissecting, then it manifests itself as bursting pain behind the sternum, loss of consciousness, and a severe general condition.
Chest pain associated with chest and spinal injuries
With various chest injuries, a person canforget about it after some time, but the pain then appears again. It can be dull, aching or sharp - depending on the nature of the injury. It is localized exactly at the site of the lesion. It can intensify with breathing, touching the chest area. Muscle lesions are also of great diagnostic value. In this case, they undergo significant changes, nodules can form in them. Almost all muscles are connected to nerves, as a result of which their pain sensitivity increases, the pain threshold decreases. Chest pain occurs more often due to irradiation from the muscles. Rib fractures and spinal injuries are of great importance. It does not go away on its own, and therefore, if there are cracks and fractures of the ribs, you should always consult a doctor.
Chest pain due to psychogenic factors
Very often the cause of pain syndrome isvegetative-vascular dystonia. This is not an independent disease, but a symptom complex. It can be observed in various pathological conditions: liver diseases, injuries, gastrointestinal tract pathology, allergies, and some infections. In this case, the function of the autonomic nervous system, which innervates all internal organs, is disrupted. The main symptoms of this disease are: the occurrence of panic attacks, stress, mood swings, lability of blood pressure, sweating or dry skin, impaired motility of the gastrointestinal tract, discomfort, chest pain, general weakness, fear of death, the presence of sympathoadrenal crises, and others. So-called panic attacks occupy a special place. They can be a consequence of stress and overexertion. They manifest themselves in attacks of severe anxiety and fear. The heart begins to work in a different mode, pain, chills, tremors, nausea, fear of going crazy or dying appear.
Pain localized in the right side of the breast
Most of the pain occurs on the left side.half of the chest due to the location of such an organ as the heart there. But very often pain can also appear on the right. What organs are located there, and why does the pain syndrome occur? So, on the right in the chest area there are the following anatomical structures: liver, gallbladder, right part of the intestine and diaphragm. Pain can appear as a result of the development of such pathology as infections, hepatitis (viral), pancreatitis and renal colic. Pancreatitis is characterized by an inflammatory process of the pancreas. This organ is located under the stomach, but the chest pain that occurs with it can be a consequence of simple irradiation. In chronic course, the pain is dull, aching, accompanied by impaired motility, bloating. In acute - chest pain is more intense, sometimes unbearable. It can intensify with a change in body position (bending the body). Requires immediate medical intervention, sometimes surgery. With hepatitis, the pain is duller, diffuse in nature, and most often occurs in the right hypochondrium, but chest pain can also be observed.
Diseases of the respiratory system
Another group of diseases is diseasesrespiratory system. They include pleurisy, pulmonary tuberculosis, cancer, bronchitis and tracheitis. All of them can cause chest pain. Let's look at pleurisy in more detail. The pleura is a connective tissue membrane covering the lungs. It consists of 2 sheets: right and left, which form the pleural cavity. Pleurisy is an inflammation of this membrane. It includes many symptoms, one of which is chest pain. It intensifies when sneezing, coughing, and is accompanied by an increase in temperature. Another reason for this symptom is the growth of lung cancer into the pleural cavity. The chest pain is very severe. In some situations, air or fluid can enter the pleural cavity, resulting in pneumothorax or hydrothorax. In one case or another, sudden sharp pain, cyanosis of the skin, shortness of breath and a drop in blood pressure are characteristic. The air irritates the pleura, which causes pain, making it difficult for the patient to breathe and move. It can radiate to the upper limb, shoulder, and even to the abdominal area on the affected side. Externally, this pathology manifests itself as an increase in the size of the chest, widening of the intercostal spaces. In this case, assistance can only be provided in a hospital setting.
Gastrointestinal pathology
Causes of chest pain can be a consequencelesions and dysfunctions of the gastrointestinal tract. Among them, gastric ulcer occupies a special place. The pain with it appears on an empty stomach and goes away after eating. Most often they are associated with food intake. The pain is not relieved by nitroglycerin, which excludes angina. But taking antispasmodic drugs such as no-shpa or papaverine helps. They eliminate muscle spasms and the pain disappears. Pain syndrome can appear with diaphragmatic hernia. This disease is characterized by the exit of part of the stomach or other organs into the lower diaphragmatic opening. When this respiratory muscle contracts, the organs are pinched and chest pain appears, very similar to that which occurs with angina. Severe pain also occurs with spasms of the bile ducts and gallbladder. Tuberculosis is characterized by chest pain (behind the sternum), hemoptysis, decreased immunity.
Female diseases
In addition to all the above diseases, paincan also be caused by exclusively female pathology. Chest pain in women can appear as a result of hormonal changes, menopause, breast cancer, infections, mastopathy, and so on. It can be cyclical or non-cyclical. Such diseases require the patient to be alert and undergo timely examination in the hospital.
