With food poisoning faces dailya huge number of people. This problem is especially urgent in the summer season, when the air temperature is high enough and the products spoil much faster. In addition, an increased outbreak of food poisoning falls on holidays: New Year, March 8, May holidays. Therefore, everyone should know about food poisoning, symptoms, treatment. After all, if a person has food poisoning, it is advisable to start treatment as early as possible. This, in principle, is easy to explain. As a rule, on the eve of the holiday the products are bought for future use, and sometimes they are forgotten in the turmoil even simply put in the refrigerator. And the remnants of the festive table are sometimes eaten up after a few more days. People feel sorry for throwing out good, in their opinion, products. However, very often for this "thrift" people pay their health. Some time after the use of stale food, people develop digestive disorders such as nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, which indicate the presence of food poisoning.
Varieties of food poisoning
To the poisoning of the human body in mostcases leads to the presence in food products of toxins, their products of vital activity and decay. The ingress of bacteria into foodstuffs occurs as a result of a violation of the technology of their manufacturing process and, which is much more common, storage conditions. Also very often pathogenic microorganisms get into the water, and only then - and the human body. Very many people are trying to determine the suitability of products for their appearance or smell. However, not always products containing microbes change their taste, color, smell or consistency. And as a result, low-quality products are used for food.
- Food Poisoning
In principle, any meat product can become asource of poisoning. However, the greatest danger is represented by chicken meat, as the salmonella bacteria live on the skin of chickens in huge numbers. Also often the cause of poisoning are products made with minced meat. To prevent this type of poisoning, always carefully treat meat products with heat treatment, do not store meat outside the fridge. Try to eat ready-made meat dishes on the first day after cooking.
- Staphylococcus toxin poisoning
This kind of food poisoning is,perhaps, the most common. Staphylococcus reproduces remarkably even at room temperature, usually on products such as pates, cream cakes, and dairy products. Especially often such food poisoning occurs in summer, because of the high ambient air temperature.
- Food poisoning with mushrooms
Poisoning with mushrooms is the most dangerous forhuman body. This type of poisoning is largely affected by the liver and kidneys, as well as the central nervous system. If suspected of fungal poisoning a person should be delivered as soon as possible to the hospital. To avoid poisoning with mushrooms, never collect unfamiliar mushrooms, mushrooms growing near the road.
- Food Poisoning by Fish
Poisoning by fish ranks second inseverity, after poisoning with mushrooms. Fish in the process of decomposition releases highly toxic substances, which have a very negative effect on the central nervous system and the human body as a whole. Always be very careful about buying fish. And in any case, do not store fish at room temperature - it begins to deteriorate after only half an hour.
- Botulism
Botulism is today one of the mostthe most serious poisoning, which poses a serious danger to the human body. As a rule, the first signs of the disease can appear within an hour after receiving poor-quality food, but in rare cases between food and the onset of the disease several days pass. The causative agent of this disease is botulinum bacillus spores. Reproduction of these spores is possible only in anoxic space. As a rule, canned food, homemade preparations, and also in the lower layers of meat products are ideal for reproduction. The usual boiling in the fight against botulism is ineffective - spores are very viable and die only at temperatures above 150 degrees Celsius. Symptoms of botulism are very specific, and they are difficult to confuse with the usual food poisoning. As already mentioned, after a short time after eating a poor-quality contaminated product in a sick person, there is a sharp cutting pain in the stomach. Practically at once at the person there is an incessant exhausting vomiting. After about two to three hours a sick person observes a significant deterioration in vision, as if a veil or fog drops on his eyes. Another hour and a half later, a sick person begins salivating, the swallowing process is broken, speech is lost. Gradually develops the paralysis of all other muscles, including those that participate in the process of breathing. If the patient is not immediately and expertly provided, the risk of death is very high. The help to the sick person in this case can be rendered only by the doctor! Immediately call an ambulance brigade, which will take the patient to the infectious disease department of the nearest hospital, where first aid will be provided. Self-treatment is impossible, since the only effective means is the administration of anti-botulinum serum. Remember that the chances of a favorable outcome of the disease decrease with every hour. The only thing you can do before the arrival of an "ambulance" is to wash the patient's stomach. This measure will help reduce the number of spores that are absorbed into the bloodstream and enter the intestines of the patient. How to properly wash the stomach, will be told a little lower.
- Other food poisoning
Much rarer, but sometimes withspoiled and substandard products in the human body fall into such pathogenic microorganisms as causative agents of dysentery, salmonellosis and even typhoid fever. 
Symptoms of food poisoning
The incubation (latent) period of the disease canlast from several hours to several days. As a rule, it depends on what kind of microbes were in the products, as well as their number. The first usually pain in the abdomen, and after a while diarrhea may join, but not always. Sometimes poisoning can occur without diarrhea, but not often. A few hours later, the poisoned person has a headache, chills. Very often, when a person has food poisoning, the temperature rises to high enough numbers, there is an aching in the bones and muscle aches. With severe poisoning, confusion, delirium and even fainting are possible.
The first first aid for food poisoning
Unfortunately, quite often simple foodpoisoning leads to severe intoxication of the body, disruption of the normal functioning of the kidneys, liver, pancreas. And it happens most often because the person does not know what to do with food poisoning. Timely emergency assistance with food poisoning can often save not only human health, but also his life. If you or your loved one have the above symptoms of food poisoning, you need to call an ambulance team. But even before their arrival, you need to start providing first aid to the victim. To begin with, rinse the stomach of a sick person. Many sources of information are advised to wash the stomach with a weak solution of potassium permanganate. But, unfortunately, even a small, not dissolved crystalline can cause a serious burn of the mucous membranes of the mouth, esophagus and stomach. It is much safer and no less effective to wash the stomach with a solution of soda and iodine. For its preparation, dilute in water soda and iodine at the rate of two tablespoons of soda and five drops of iodine per liter of warm boiled water. Give the patient to drink as much solution as he can, then click on the root of the tongue to induce vomiting. It is necessary to wash the stomach until the emetic masses become clear and clean - in other words, until there is only one water left. Pay attention to the fact that there are several categories of people who gastric lavage can not be categorically done:
- People who are unconscious. First, they can not drink water, and secondly, there is a high risk of asphyxiation - that is, choking. Moreover, if a person who is unconscious starts vomiting, which often happens if a person has acute food poisoning, be sure to keep his head tilted to the side all the time - this will help to avoid suffocation.
- People who have confused consciousness. Strictly speaking, you can not wash the stomach for the same reasons as people without consciousness. Even if a person, as it seems, recovers from time to time, the risk of choking is still high enough.
- Children up to two years. Kids can not wash their stomach by themselves. There are two reasons for this - you are unlikely to persuade the crumb to drink this rather unpleasant solution. But even if you still manage to speak it, you will be trapped in a very serious danger. The fact is that in such babies irritation of the root of the tongue and vomiting can provoke a sudden spontaneous heart failure.
- People who have suffered heart attacks and strokes. The reason that gastric lavage is contraindicated is the same as that of babies. The gag reflex exerts a significant load on the cardiovascular system of the body. And the condition of a sick person can significantly worsen.
After rinsing the stomach, immediately giveto a sick person any laxative remedy, if it is at hand. If in the home medicine cabinet there is nothing suitable, give the sick person a few spoons of ordinary vegetable oil - it has an excellent laxative effect. However, pay attention - laxative should be given only if the patient does not have diarrhea. If there is diarrhea, give the sick person activated charcoal, at the rate of one pill for every five pounds of a person's weight. After you have done the above procedures, try to warm the sick person by wrapping it or applying a heating pad to your legs - as a rule, the vessels of the extremities are spasmed and the feet are the cold most. Be sure to offer the patient a warm tea or milk. By the way, milk is very useful, if food poisoning - have it in mind. Independently, do not give any medicines, except activated charcoal and laxative, to a sick person - if a person has food poisoning, only an infectious disease doctor can prescribe the treatment.
Antibiotics
Very often people appoint themselves and startTake antibiotics for food poisoning. However, this can not be done! Most often, taking antibiotics in no way affects the causative agent of the disease. But the strongest burden on the kidneys and liver antibiotic still imposes. But they have to do a lot of work without the antibiotic - to remove all toxins from the human body. So is it worth the burden of the body, which is already difficult? And, in addition, the use of antibiotic drugs very much changes the normal intestinal microflora, making it unable to fight the toxins that got into the body with poor-quality food. Then, in order to restore the normal natural balance of microflora, you will have to make considerable efforts and spend quite a long time. Although in some cases with intestinal infections without an antibiotic can not be avoided. However, the doctor will prescribe the necessary tests. And only if the tests show the presence in the body of those microorganisms that are sensitive to the antibiotic, the doctor will prescribe the medicine.
Diet during illness
After the crisis passed and the sick personbegins to go on the mend, diet is extremely important after food poisoning. In the first day of the sick person it is desirable to completely abandon the consumption of food, leaving only the use of liquid. On the second day, if vomiting has stopped, a sick person can start eating broths, crackers. On the third day in the diet should include liquid cereals, soups. The first days all food should be viscous consistency or mashed. In no case can you ignore the food for food poisoning, because in the opposite case it is possible the development of serious complications. These include various disorders of the normal functioning of the digestive and excretory systems.
Poisoning in children
Separately, it is necessary to talk about poisoning inchildren. Children very often pull toys into their mouths, dirty hands and stuff. That is why intestinal infections in children - not such a rare phenomenon. However, poisoning in children is much more difficult than in adults. Therefore, food poisoning in children requires much more attention from adults. Take immediate action as soon as you notice the first signs of food poisoning in your baby. Do not try to diagnose yourself. In children, diarrhea and vomiting can accompany many diseases, so only a pediatrician can diagnose poisoning. Very often, for poisoning, parents take the most common dysbacteriosis. Therefore, at the first sign of malaise, call a doctor or an ambulance immediately. When the baby is poisoned, the tactic of treatment should be slightly different. First, a small child is necessary at the first signs of the disease to go to bed and observe bed rest. Children have a very high risk of dehydration, so losing moisture with sweat is highly undesirable. Also, be sure to monitor the temperature in the room - the air should not be too cool or too warm. Next, you must immediately begin to solder the child. You can use a solution of a rehydron or ordinary glucose, which should always be in any house where there is a child. If they suddenly were not there, you can steal the child with compotes or fruit drinks, or ordinary water. Use for mineral water extraction is highly discouraged - this will cause additional stress on the baby's kidneys, due to the content of salts in it. To solder a child is necessary as follows. Approximately every 15 minutes the baby should drink about three teaspoons of liquid. If the baby starts to vomit, try to give two or one teaspoon, reducing the time between the liquid intake to five minutes. But even if the crumb ask to drink, do not give more - otherwise the liquid will not be absorbed by the intestine and the desired effect will not be achieved. In the event that a child's food poisoning occurs against a background of high temperature, parents can give the baby a child's antipyretic. However, remember that doctors do not recommend to bring down temperatures less than 38 and 5 degrees with medication. If she is very worried about you, try to knock her down with folk methods - cool wraps, wiping. Most often the baby refuses to eat. In the first day of the disease, this is absolutely normal and should not cause alarm among parents. But on the second day the child can already begin to feed. However, the diet for food poisoning in children should be particularly strict:
- Volume of food. In the first day after the disease, the amount of food consumed must be reduced at least twice. In addition, the food should be divided - food should be given to the child in very small portions, but often. A break between eating a baby should not be more than two hours. The next day to the volume you need to add about ten percent. Continue to add necessary until you restore the previous volume of food, which the crumb eaten before the disease.
- Consistency of food. During illness and in the process of recovery, in no case should the crumb eat fatty and fried, sharp foods. Food should be either liquid or viscous. Ideally, porridge on the water or soups on chicken broth will do. Do not give me milk - the first week it is better to change it to kefir or yoghurts. To translate a child into his usual food should be gradually, gradually introducing food into the diet. And be sure to consult a pediatrician beforehand about what to eat when you eat food for your baby.
Folk methods of poisoning treatment
In the event that the poisoning is not strong, butthe condition of the sick person is satisfactory, the sick person is not hospitalized, and treatment is prescribed at home. Very effective in such cases are simple folk medicine, which has been helping hundreds of people for decades. Folk remedies for food poisoning are simple, and the result is effective. The most effective recipes of folk medicine are described below. However, it is necessary to remind once again that independent treatment is possible only in case of not severe poisoning, and only after examination of the sick person by a doctor.
Remember also that in order to make toxins likeyou can leave the body faster, the sick person should drink as much liquid as possible. And, in addition, such a measure will help prevent dehydration. Doctors recommend drinking either ordinary mineral water, in which you can add lemon juice, or broth of wild rose, or various fruit. Despite the fact that during illness a person does not feel very well, doctors recommend that patients move as much as possible. It is explained very simply - during the movement a person sweats, and together with sweat toxins quickly leave the human body through the pores of the skin. About the same effect has a sauna or a sauna.
Prevention of food poisoning
Of course, it is very important to devote significantattention to such an important issue as the prevention of food poisoning. Compliance with several simple rules will reduce the risk of food poisoning by 67%. These rules are described below:
- Compliance with hygiene rules. Before you start cooking, always wash your hands thoroughly with soap and water. Also, keep a close eye on the cleanliness of all the utensils in which you cook food, as well as cutlery.
- Defrosting of meat. The most common mistake of many housewives is the slow thawing of meat and meat semi-finished products at room temperature. At a time when the meat inside is still frozen, pathogenic microorganisms begin to multiply actively on its surface. Meat must be thawed either in the refrigerator, outside the freezer, or in the microwave. The meat must be thoroughly heat treated during cooking. It is highly recommended not to eat poorly roasted meat, with blood.
- Eating raw eggs. Many people prefer to eat eggs raw, believing that they are more useful. However, in this case, the risk of infection with salmonella is very high. Moreover, even before the preparation of eggs, their shells must be washed.
- The use of products outsiderefrigerator. In no case do not eat meat or dairy products, if they are more than two hours were outside the fridge. Remember that even if the taste and the appearance of the products are not changed, they can be spoiled and pose a threat to human health.
- The use of food products manufactured inunhygienic conditions. Who among the people at least periodically does not buy a pie or hot dog in small shops and tents. But after buying these products, people are at risk of food poisoning. After all, no one knows from what products and in what conditions this food is prepared. Try to avoid such "snack". It is much more useful to eat an apple, taken in advance from home. If hunger still prevails over common sense, give preference to products that do not contain meat. For example, buy a bun with raisins. As a rule, it is meat that causes food poisoning most often.
As already mentioned above, food poisoning andIntestinal infections are very similar in their symptomatic features. Unfortunately, it's simply impossible to determine for yourself what was the cause of the disease. Moreover - even the most experienced doctor will never take on such responsibility as diagnosing without conducting a series of tests that will reveal the cause of the disease. And the doctor will appoint the appropriate adequate treatment. This is why do not ignore the need to seek medical help. The sooner measures are taken with food poisoning, the less damage will be done to the body. Thus you can avoid a huge number of complications! We advise you to read:
