Modern people do not value the bonds of marriage as much,like representatives of previous generations, and the relationships between men and women have become more complicated and complex. That is why today society is much less surprised by single mothers raising a child without a husband. But the fact that in the 21st century people do not pay so much attention to this does not make it easier for a woman to raise her son or daughter on her own. On the contrary, she could even benefit from increased attention from society, of course, manifested in tolerance, understanding and help. However, one cannot assume that the state does not care at all about women raising children on their own. Every single mother is granted certain rights, benefits, they are supposed to receive cash benefits. But it should be noted that not all women with children living without a husband are entitled to such assistance. You can become a single mother consciously, but you need to confirm your status legally. Only after that can you count on receiving assistance from the state.

Who is a single mom: who can consider her

To understand what single mothers are entitled to, you first need to understand who is legally assigned this status. It is given to a woman:

• The person who gave birth outside of marriage (without marriage at all) or later than in 300 calendar days from the moment of his official termination.
• Not established legally (that is, voluntarily or in court) the paternity of the child
• Not married, but officially formalized adoption or adoption.
• Married (or at the time of up to 300 calendardays from the date of the divorce), but received a judicial decision that a man (former or even current spouse), recorded by the child's father, successfully challenged his paternity.

Of course, there is no legal interpretation of this statushas its drawbacks. For example, if a woman's husband dies, she will not receive the rights of a single mother and the assistance that comes with them. Officially, she will be considered a widow and will not be able to use a number of benefits, although she is effectively left without a breadwinner (or, at least, a person who contributes a significant portion of money to the family budget) and is forced to raise a daughter or son on her own. But let's return to the rights of those who have received this status legally.

What are the main benefits for a single mother

First of all, these are all the benefits that all new mothers receive:

• One-time, issued when a pregnant woman becomes registered in a medical institution (up to 94 days, that is, up to 12 weeks);
• on pregnancy and childbirth;
• One-time, issued on the fact of the birth of a child;
• monthly maternity leave;
• monthly, issued for the period of leave to care for the child (if at the time of his payment to his son or daughter is already 18 months old).

But at the same time, benefits for single mothers are usuallyare larger in size (if compared with payments to ordinary mothers). This is where the state's concern is manifested. It should be noted that only the social security agencies to which the single mother is registered at her place of residence can be aware of all the nuances of benefit payments. Consequently, in each specific case, a woman needs to contact the appropriate authorities to clarify the details.

Benefits of subjects of the Russian Federation

It is also necessary to take into account that varioussubjects of the Russian Federation can pay additional benefits to a mother with the legal status of a single mother. Naturally, this is done in order to provide social support to women raising a child on their own, and this is a commendable initiative. If we consider the situation in general, then the laws of most subjects of the Russian Federation stipulate the right of a single mother to receive the following additional benefits:

• monthly compensation - reimbursement of costs associated with raising the cost of living;
• assistance in kind, receiving various benefits for children who have not yet reached the age of 3;
• monthly compensation - reimbursement of costs associated with the increase in the price of children's food.

Separately, it is necessary to note the tax deduction (forworking mothers) for personal income tax: a woman receives it in double the standard amount if paternity is not indicated in the child's documents. However, any single parent (both biological and adoptive), as well as a guardian or trustee, can also claim this.

Additional benefits granted to single mothers in Moscow

Again, the sizes and conditions of issueadditional funds depend on the laws of a specific subject of the Russian Federation. If we talk about what a single mother in Moscow can expect, then the capital's budget provides her with "bonus" benefits. But it should be taken into account that they are related to her level of earnings. So, if a woman raising a child on her own receives an income that does not exceed the subsistence minimum established in Moscow (per capita), she is entitled to:

• A monthly allowance provided at an increased ratesize. From 01/01/2012, its amount is 1,600 rubles (if the child is under 1.5 or from 3 to 18 years old) or 3,200 rubles (if the son or daughter is from 18 to 36 months).
• Monthly compensation, reimbursing expenses,associated with an increase in the cost of living. It is issued if the child has not yet reached the age of 16 (if he is studying in a general education institution) or 18 years (if he implements general education programs). The amount of this compensation is 750 rubles.
• Monthly compensation, reimbursing costs,caused by the increase in the price of children's food. In this case, the amount of payments is 675 rubles and is issued until the child is 3 years old.

Please note that to receive these benefitsA single mother must submit the relevant applications to the social security authorities. It is most convenient to do this 3 months before the expected receipt of sick leave payments (or 3 months after). This is explained very simply: all benefits are considered income. And if, together with them and her salary, the mother “reaches” the subsistence minimum, she will simply not be paid compensation. Another nuance is that a woman can receive these benefits even if she gets married. But at the same time, her new spouse must not adopt a child, because only in this case his income will not be taken into account when calculating the subsistence minimum for each family member. Additional benefits can be issued to a single mother even when the per capita income exceeds the established subsistence minimum. It’s just that in this case the amount of payments will be smaller. Expenses with an increase in the standard of living are reimbursed in the amount of 300 rubles (monthly). However, compensation for an increase in food prices remains unchanged and is the same 675 rubles. It should be noted separately that a single mother who is recognized as a disabled person of group I or II and who does not work anywhere is assigned an additional monthly allowance of 6,000 rubles. It is paid until the child living with the woman reaches 18 years of age. If the mother is able-bodied, but her son or daughter is a disabled child, the same allowance is issued until he or she turns 23 years old.

Benefits put by a single mother

It is important to remember that any single motherwhatever the standard of living and income, she should receive supplements to the benefits she receives. So, until her child turns one and a half years old, the state is obliged to pay a certain additional sum every month (its amount depends on the laws of a specific subject of the Russian Federation). There is also an annual additional financial assistance of 300 rubles. Yes, for 12 months this is a rather ridiculous amount, but it should also be paid without fail. Let's move on to labor benefits:

• Administration of any enterprise, regardless ofits organizational and legal form, can not, on its own initiative, dismiss a single mother. Such a woman is supposed to preserve the workplace, at least until her son or daughter reaches the age of 14 years. The only exception is the liquidation of the enterprise. But in this case, the leadership of the organization is obliged to find a new mother for a single mother. And with the preservation of her specialty and position.
• If the company's management hired independentlyraising a child by contract, and the term of its operation has come to an end, it is obliged to employ its employee. At the same time, while a new job is being searched for, a single mother is required to pay an average salary. However, no longer than 3 months from the calendar day of the end of the contract.
• When a single mother receives a sick leave sheet forcare for his son (daughter) under the age of 14 years, he must pay a hundred percent. In addition, it must be issued for a longer period than in standard situations.
• A single mother is entitled to an additional 14-dayleave at her expense, and take his woman can at any time suitable for him, as by attaching it to the main, so taking advantage of them separately. Naturally, she needs to warn the company's management in advance that she needs these two weeks, and let me know when they need her.
• No employer has the right to refusea woman in admission to the state, remove her from office, reduce her salary only because she is a single mother. If the head of the enterprise does not employ the mother who submitted the application to him, he must inform the reason for his decision, and in writing. This "explanatory" is a full-fledged document that can be brought to court for appeal.

Nuances of labor benefits of a single mother

There are a number of features of laborCode of the Russian Federation, which many single mothers do not even know about. Meanwhile, these nuances were created to make life easier for a woman raising a child on her own. That is why we want to introduce them to you so that you can arm yourself with knowledge of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation. Thus, every single mother needs to understand that during inpatient treatment she is entitled to increased benefits. During the first 10 calendar days of stay in a medical institution, their amount depends on the woman’s length of service. After that, starting from the 11th day, 50% of the mother’s salary is paid. Moreover, if the son or daughter is of preschool age, the woman receives benefits for the entire period of treatment. If the child is 7-15 years old, payments are made only during the first 15 days. The Labor Code of the Russian Federation protects a single mother, helping her to keep her job. Please note that a woman raising a child on her own cannot be fired not only due to staff reductions, incompetence for the position held, or simply on the initiative of the management. She is also protected when the owner of the enterprise changes. She is not threatened with dismissal even in the case when the director, chief accountant or other responsible person made a gross error, and this led to significant damage to the property of the company. Single mothers can use their additional 14-day vacation not only at any time of the year (after agreeing on this with the management), but also not in full, but in parts. As you understand, it is not at all necessary to add these "bonus" days to the main ones. But mothers cannot carry over their additional vacation to the next year (if the collective agreement stipulates a guarantee of its annual provision). If a woman is raising a disabled child alone, she is entitled to another 4 days off every month, naturally paid.

Social benefits for a single mother

• If a single mother needs housing, she claims it as a priority.
• A woman raising a minor son(daughter) independently, has the right to arrange it (her) in any children's institution (except for private). At the same time, the state is obliged to fully provide for the child.
• If a single mother brings up a schoolboy, hecan be provided free meals in the dining room, he can receive free textbooks. We write "can", not "should" because everything depends on the director of the educational institution: it is he who decides whether to grant such benefits or not.
• A single mother has the right to purchase a groupmedicines (required to be available in any city children's polyclinic) at a discount of up to 50%, depending on the drug. It is noteworthy that such a privilege extends not only to cheap, but also to rather expensive medicines.
• If the state polyclinic has a massage room, a single mother's child can use his services for free. Whereas an ordinary family can count on a 50% discount.
• At least once every two years for a childA single mother is entitled to a voucher to a health camp or sanatorium. Moreover, it should be provided free of charge or, at most, with minor additional payments - at the prefecture or other territorial administration.
• At fairs and other sales of children's clothing andother things a single mother has the right to a significant discount. And similar events should be regularly held in the same territorial offices.

What are the benefits of the Tax and Housing Codes: nuances

Above we wrote about double tax deductionPersonal income tax, which is relevant until the child of a single mother turns 18. However, it is only possible if the woman is not married. The Tax Code of the Russian Federation interprets the status of a single mother in its own way - this nuance must be taken into account. If the mother gets married, and her husband formalizes adoption, she will no longer be able to use this benefit - she will only be able to count on the standard deduction. Of course, the Tax Code needs to be revised in terms of protecting women raising a child on their own, but it also takes into account the rights of singles more than the Housing Code. In fact, the latter does not provide almost any benefits. According to it, a single mother has almost the same rights as an ordinary complete family. Yes, she is first in line to receive housing, but only if she needs to improve her housing conditions, and this still needs to be proven. But not everything is so bad: the main thing is that benefits and allowances do exist. Of course, in our time, it is very difficult for any single mother to raise a child, keep up with work and upbringing, build a career and improve her personal life. But it is good that the state does not leave such women without support, that it adopts new laws, makes amendments, revises the terms of payments. This allows us to hope that in the future, single mothers will receive more and more benefits, that it will be easier for them to raise sons and daughters. We recommend reading:

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