Protection against unwanted pregnancy –This is one of the most pressing issues that worries all women. Everyone understands that abortions cause great harm to the female body. However, gynecologists are seriously concerned about the current situation: despite the fact that new generation contraceptives now exist, the number of unplanned pregnancies ending in abortions is growing every year. What makes women refuse to use effective new generation contraceptives, take thoughtless risks, and, ultimately, have an abortion? The financial side of the issue? It can hardly be called an objective reason - methods and means of contraception are very diverse. If desired, a woman with absolutely any income can choose suitable means of contraception for herself. In fact, most methods and means of contraception do not cause much damage to a woman's budget. Abortion will entail much more damage to a woman, both financial and moral. If the reason for women's refusal of means of contraception from unwanted pregnancy is not the material side, then what is it? What makes women risk their health and ignore contraceptive methods? As the results of long-term observations by gynecologists, as well as statistics from sociological surveys, show, the most common reasons for refusing to use contraceptive methods are banal:

• Ordinary laziness.A woman does not want to look for suitable methods of preventing unwanted pregnancy. However, the hope for "maybe" will sooner or later lead a woman to an unwanted pregnancy. If you do not want to spend a long time choosing methods of contraception - the IUD is exactly what you need. In order to use such a method of contraception as the IUD, you will have to spend only a few hours once on a visit to the gynecologist, after which you can forget about the problem of contraception for several years. This is the best method of contraception for those women who do not want to monitor their menstrual cycle or take pills.
• Ignorance of the principle of the operation of most methodsprevention of unwanted pregnancy. Unfortunately, the harm of contraceptives in the minds of many women is greatly exaggerated. Often, around the means of protection from pregnancy, there are entire legends that are passed from one woman to another, each time gobbling up more and more horrific details about the dangers of contraceptives. If a woman fears for her health, she needs to see a gynecologist, who will help her choose the safest method of contraception, taking into account her particular health and needs.
• Hope for a rhythmic method of contraception. Very many women use exactly rhythmic methods of contraception. However, they do not take into account the fact that for a successful use of the calendar method of contraception, the menstrual cycle in a woman should be very, very stable. This method is far from the safest method of contraception.
• Fear of women to use contraceptive methods whenbreastfeeding. Many mothers believe that this can seriously harm the baby's health. However, in fact, this is not so. The use of contraceptives in breastfeeding is absolutely safe and can not in any way damage the health of crumbs. If a woman is still very afraid, she can always choose nonhormonal contraceptives for herself. About what they are, will be told a little lower.

On the harm of abortions that women have to undergoto do due to neglect of modern methods of contraception, a lot is said. Therefore, this article will not focus on this issue. It tells about what modern methods of contraception exist, and also gives a classification of contraception methods.

Natural methods of contraception

The physiological method of contraception is one of the favorites of many women, despite its imperfections. There are two types of physiological contraception:

• Temperature method of contraception.
• The calendar method of contraception.

The female body is designed in such a way thatA woman can get pregnant not every day, but strictly on certain days of her menstrual cycle. Pregnancy can only occur during ovulation. Ovulation is the process of a mature egg leaving the ovaries. Any biological method of contraception is based on this particular feature of the female body. And that is why, for protection by biological methods of contraception, it is very important for a woman to have a stable menstrual cycle. A natural method of contraception, called the calendar method, allows you to determine the time of ovulation by counting and drawing up a schedule of days favorable for conception. In order to do this, a woman must know some features of the conception process. Fertilization of an egg is possible only within one day from the moment it leaves the ovary. A sperm retains the ability to fertilize an egg for three days from the moment it enters the vagina. Natural methods of contraception, including the calendar method, are based on this feature. First, a woman needs to determine the length of her menstrual cycle. For the first day of the cycle, take the first day of menstruation. Subtract 18 days from the resulting duration - you will get the first day favorable for conception. After that, subtract 11 from the first day of the menstrual cycle - you will get the last "dangerous" day. Remember that the reliability of such a biological method of contraception is possible only in the case of a stable cycle for at least a year. The temperature method of contraception is a more reliable contraceptive, since it is based on constant accurate measurement of the basal body temperature. The basal places in which this temperature is measured are the oral cavity, vagina, rectum. In the evening, prepare a notebook, pen and thermometer. It is preferable to use a regular mercury one, since its readings are more accurate, and accuracy is very important for an effective method of contraception. Immediately after waking up, without getting out of bed, measure the temperature in the rectum for 10 minutes. Try to measure the temperature at the same time. After that, immediately write down the readings in a notebook, do not rely on your memory. The temperature must be measured for at least a month. After that, the woman needs to make a graph, marking the calendar dates vertically, and the basal temperature horizontally. After that, connect the dots together. As a result, you will get a graph of your menstrual cycle. Immediately after the ovulation process has occurred, the basal temperature rises sharply, amounting to approximately 37.3 degrees Celsius. The most favorable days for conception are the time within 4 days before and after the temperature rise. This method is difficult to classify as the best method of contraception, since it is not reliable enough, but its adherents talk about some of its advantages over traditional methods of contraception. For the sake of objectivity, these advantages are listed below:

• There is no need to introduce into the body foreign substances, as, for example, when using barrier methods of contraception.
• Unlike tablets to prevent unwanted pregnancies, these methods are classified as safe contraceptives.
• Also, these methods are preferred by believing women, as these are the only ways the church can prevent unwanted pregnancies.
• Similar methods are non-hormonal methods of contraception.

These methods have only one drawback, but it is a very significant one: although they are safe contraceptives, they are very unreliable.

Birth control pills

Contraception methods for women todayare quite wide. Including contraceptives – pills. Pills are quite reliable contraceptives, protecting against pregnancy in about 98% of cases. Such a high level of protection is achieved due to the artificially synthesized sex hormones included in the pills. Oral contraceptives inhibit ovulation processes and also change the normal structure of the uterine mucosa, thereby eliminating the possibility of embryo implantation even if fertilization has occurred. Thus, pills for preventing unwanted pregnancy provide a multi-stage level of protection. That is why pills are considered the most reliable method of contraception. Some women worry about whether pregnancy is possible after taking contraceptives, especially hormonal drugs. Such concerns are absolutely groundless, absolutely all changes occurring in the female body are completely reversible and disappear after the woman stops taking oral contraceptives. In addition, contraceptives such as pills have a very "pleasant" side effect - almost all women note a significant improvement in the condition of the skin, nails and hair. In some cases, hormonal contraceptives for women are prescribed by gynecologists for therapeutic purposes, to correct hormonal imbalances. Remember that independent selection of hormonal contraceptives for women is unacceptable. Only a gynecologist should prescribe hormonal contraceptives for women. After all, it is possible to choose truly effective methods of contraception only by taking into account all the individual characteristics of the female body. Doctors highlight several advantages of hormonal contraceptives for women:

• Stabilization of the menstrual cycle in those women in whom he was irregular.
• Also hormonal methods of female contraception almost completely eliminate premenstrual syndrome and unpleasant physical sensations during menstruation.
• Hormonal methods of contraception for women protect a woman from such a common disease as iron deficiency anemia.
• Women who use hormonal methods of female contraception, 60% reduced the risk of all kinds of inflammatory diseases of the reproductive system.
• In addition, the risk of development is significantly reducedall kinds of tumor diseases. Moreover, there is a pronounced therapeutic effect. For example, in those women who used hormonal contraceptives in myoma, doctors noted a significant improvement in the condition, and even a complete cure.
• The risk of developing osteoporosis in those women whouse hormonal women's contraceptives, decreases at times, which is also important. Unfortunately, with osteoporosis, a good half of all women face. It is also worth paying attention to when choosing contraceptives after 35 years.
• Wonderful prevention of the occurrence in the future of such a formidable complication, as an ectopic pregnancy.
• The use of female hormonal contraceptives significantly improves the condition of the skin and treats a large number of skin diseases associated with hormonal disorders.

However, while listing the numerous advantages, it is also worth mentioning the negative aspects that this most effective method of contraception has:

• Women who preferred thisthe method of preventing an unwanted pregnancy, there may be a periodic increase in blood pressure. However, this side effect is very rare, no more than 5% of cases and, as a rule, in women who suffer from hypertension.
• Modern contraceptives on a hormonal basis can cause attacks of cholelithiasis in those women who suffer it.
• Choosing the most effective pillscontraceptives - it is necessary to take into account that in the first months they can cause menstrual cycle disorders. These disorders can manifest themselves in the form of spotting bloody discharge, or, on the contrary, a complete absence of menstrual bleeding. This phenomenon should not be frightened, as it is temporary and disappears on its own, two to three months after the start of taking the drug. In the same case, if this does not happen, which happens extremely rarely, a woman needs to consult a doctor who will help choose another, more optimal drug. After all, the effectiveness of contraceptive methods is ensured precisely by individual selection.
• The main argument against hormonaldrugs, which put forward women who prefer non-hormonal methods of contraception, is a set of excess body weight. In fact, the concentration of hormones in modern contraceptives is so small that in no way can it affect the body weight. A set of weight is due to an improperly balanced diet and insufficient physical exertion.
• Some drugs can cause enoughunpleasant sensations in the mammary glands, reminiscent of the sensation during pregnancy: the breast can be poured and even ache a bit. Typically, these feelings disappear after a few months after the start of taking the drug.
• In very rare cases,the strongest headache, which is of a paroxysmal nature. In the event that a headache occurs more than twice a week, a woman should immediately stop taking medications and consult a doctor.
• Women using hormonalcontraceptives after 40 years old, often complain about the periodic occurrence of a feeling of nausea, almost never turning into vomiting. Doctors explain this with age-related hormonal changes in the body of the woman herself.
• Some women complain that after starting taking pills, they experience emotional instability. However, doctors deny the connection with contraceptives.
• Quite often in the first few months a womancan mark a change in sexual desire. In some women it rises, partly due to the fact that a woman stops being afraid of an unwanted pregnancy. And other women, on the contrary, complain of a decrease in sexual desire. However, this is also a temporary phenomenon, and it is not worth worrying about this woman.
• In rare cases, when taking hormonaldrugs, the appearance of pigmented spots, especially in those areas of the skin that are exposed to direct sunlight. In case of such a complication, a woman should inform her doctor. As a rule, after a couple of months the problem goes away by itself.

Barrier means of contraception

New methods of contraception provide women withширокий выбор. Если женщина не хочет, по каким – либо причинам, пить противозачаточные таблетки, она может выбрать противозачаточные средства местного применения. Принцип, по которому действуют вагинальные противозачаточные средства, очень прост: используются химические вещества, которые вводятся во влагалище женщины. При попадании сперматозоидов эти химические вещества, носящие название спермициды, мгновенно их уничтожают. Кроме того, спермициды создают тоненькую защитную плёнку на слизистой оболочке влагалища, также происходит сгущение выделений шейки матки. Таким образом, появляется дополнительный барьер для сперматозоидов. Выделяется два химических вещества, используемых в вагинальных противозачаточных средствах: хлорид бензалкониума и ноноксинол. Именно на их основе создано любимое многими женщинами противозачаточное средство местного применения, носящее название «Фарматекс». Ещё один очень немаловажный плюс, которым обладают подобные противозачаточные средства при кормлении грудью, это полная безопасность для малыша, так как активные действующие вещества не проникают в грудное молоко. Далее описаны основные виды противозачаточных средств данной группы. Контрацептин относится к группе «химические противозачаточные средства», обеззараживает, оказывает антибактериальный эффект и убивает сперматозоиды. Это самое лучшее противозачаточное средство для тех женщин, у которых половая жизнь носит нерегулярный характер. Это средство не требует систематического применения, достаточно однократно, непосредственно перед половым актом, ввести вагинальные свечи во влагалище. Ноноксилол также относится к группе «химические средства предохранения от беременности». Он также обладает ярко выраженным сперматоцидным действием, приводит к обездвиживанию и гибели сперматозоидов. Кроме того, этот препарат обладает ярко выраженным антибактериальным, противовирусным и противогрибковым воздействием, благодаря чему обеспечивается достаточно высокий уровень защиты от многих заболеваний, передающихся половым путём. Точно таким же действием обладает Патентекс Оваль. Форма, в которой выпускаются эти противозачаточные средства – свечи. Паста грамицидиновая продолжает список противозачаточных средств. Активным действующим веществом в данном химическом противозачаточном средстве является антибиотик грамицидин. Он оказывает мощное бактерицидное и противозачаточное средство. Кроме того, очень часто его применение рекомендуется тем женщинам, которые страдают воспалительными заболеваниями шейки матки или влагалища. Химические методы контрацепции также предлагают такое эффективное средство, как трацептин. Это очень действенное средство, обладающее противозачаточным действием. Выпускается в виде таблеток, которые необходимо вводить во влагалище непосредственно перед самим половы актом. Однако подобный химический метод контрацепции может вызывать такой побочный эффект, как сильное жжение во влагалище. Если вы столкнулись с такой проблемой, вам стоит обратить своё внимание на другие местные противозачаточные средства. Новейшие методы контрацепции предлагают женщине такое средство, как Фарматекс. Он является контрацептивным препаратом, надёжно защищает от наступления нежелательной беременности. По своей эффективности его можно поставить в один ряд с такими противозачаточными средствами, как свечи, спираль и таблетки. Риск наступления беременности не более 1 %. Кроме того, данное химическое средство предохранения от беременности обладает высокой способностью защищать женщину от многих заболеваний, передающихся половым путём. Оно обладает угнетающим действием на такую патогенную флору, как кандиды, хламидии, герпес, гонококки и хламидии. Данное средство является одним из оптимальных методов контрацепции при кормлении грудью, также для тех женщин, которым противопоказаны внутриматочные противозачаточные средства – спираль. Фарматекс не обладает никакими противопоказаниями и побочными действиями, может смело использоваться даже как противозачаточные средства после 40 лет. Фарматекс выпускается в нескольких формах:

• Vaginal balls. They are administered 3 minutes before the onset of sexual intercourse, deep into the vagina.
• The second form is a cream. The cream should also be injected directly before the sexual intercourse deep into the vagina.
• Tampons. Entered into the vagina before sexual intercourse, protective action lasts 24 hours, while similar contraceptives are single. And before each new intercourse it is necessary to inject a new dose of the drug.

If contraceptive methods used are suppositories,make sure that they are at hand at the right time, so that later you do not start frantically rushing about in search of the treasured box. Some women prefer rather exotic contraceptives, such as a patch. The patch is glued to the woman's skin for a certain period of time, during which it provides protection against unwanted pregnancy. What is the basis for the action of such a contraceptive as a patch? Under its influence, the level of hormones in the female body changes, which, in fact, has a contraceptive effect. It is worth keeping in mind that this method is quite young, so the effectiveness of this method of contraception is still not reliably known. When listing barrier contraceptives, the ring also cannot be ignored. In fact, the opinion that the ring is a non-hormonal contraceptive is erroneous. Its principle of action is the same as that of pills. However, its advantage is that a woman does not need to constantly monitor the timely use. A contraceptive such as a ring is enough to be inserted into the vagina once - and you can forget about the issue of protection for three weeks. Hormones contained in the vaginal ring penetrate the blood and provide protection against pregnancy. Due to the action of hormones, the mucous membrane of the uterus changes - it thickens and loses the ability to implant the fertilized egg. This means reliably protects against unwanted pregnancy in 97% of cases, but do not forget that it does not protect against sexually transmitted diseases. That is why its use is justified only if you have a regular sexual partner.

Spiral

Very often, a woman, in response to her question aboutabout which contraceptives are better, hears about the IUD. The IUD is an intrauterine device. But is it really the most reliable method of contraception? In order to understand this, you need to know the principle by which protection against unwanted pregnancy occurs. The intrauterine device is a special flexible device designed for insertion into the uterine cavity for a long time, and providing protection against unwanted pregnancy. There are two types of IUDs:

• Non-commensal spiral.
• Medicamentous. Such a spiral can contain substances such as copper, silver, gold, progesterone and other drugs.

The shape of the intrauterine device can also bethe most diverse: in the form of a ring, and in the form of a spiral, in other modifications. Plastic is most often used as a material for the manufacture of intrauterine devices. The spiral combines the advantages of barrier methods of contraception and hormonal ones. Protection against pregnancy occurs due to the fact that the spiral:

• It causes thickening of the mucus of the cervical canal of the uterus.
• Significantly reduces the speed of movement in the uterine cavity of the egg.
• Reduces the ability of spermatozoa to penetrate the uterine cavity.
• Causes changes in the structure of the mucous membrane of the uterus.

The intrauterine device is currentlythe most effective method of contraception, it provides 99% guarantee of protection against unwanted pregnancy. In addition, if you compare contraceptives for nursing women, the comparison will be in favor of the IUD. It is completely safe for the baby, since even when using a medicated IUD, not a drop of the drug will penetrate into breast milk. A woman can insert an IUD at any time convenient for her, regardless of the day of the menstrual cycle, which allows the woman to choose a convenient day for her to go to the doctor. In addition, if you choose contraceptives after childbirth, the IUD is the best option for you, since it can be inserted immediately after childbirth, as well as after an uncomplicated abortion. The intrauterine device is the best contraceptive for women who want to achieve long-term and effective protection against pregnancy. However, when choosing contraceptives for girls, you need to know that the use of the IUD in women who have not given birth is not recommended. It is not recommended to leave the IUD in the uterine cavity longer than indicated in the annotation. Also, in no case is it permissible to remove the coil on your own. In conclusion, I would like to once again draw attention to some facts:

• Such a contraceptive, like a spiral, can be used as a method of contraception after childbirth. In advance, take care of acquiring a spiral and inform the doctor about your desire.
• The intrauterine device is an absolutely safe contraceptive for lactating women, since the spiral does not cause any harm to the baby.
• Those women who are contraindicated in the use of hormonal contraceptives after 35 years can use the spiral without fear of deterioration of their health.
• I would like to draw the attention of women to the fact thatThe intrauterine device does not protect against sexually transmitted diseases. That's why the use of a spiral is justified only if the woman has a regular sexual partner.

Contraceptive means for men

Very often girls are interested in whatAre there contraceptives for men, and do they exist at all? Despite the fact that their choice is small, contraceptive methods for men do exist. All currently existing male contraceptives are described below. Coitus interruptus is one of the most favorite methods of contraception for men. The essence of this method is as follows: the penis is removed from the woman's vagina before ejaculation. However, the reliability of this method of male contraception is very low. Very often, at the very beginning of sexual intercourse, a small amount of sperm is released, but quite sufficient for fertilizing the egg. As statistics show, every third sexual intercourse using its interruption as a male contraceptive leads to the onset of unwanted pregnancy. Also, with constant use of coitus interruptus, a significant decrease in male potency is possible. Talking about what types of male contraceptive methods there are, the condom also cannot be ignored. As everyone knows, a condom is a latex elastic sheath that is put on an erect penis. The method of contraception using a condom has several obvious advantages over other male methods. A condom prevents sperm from entering the vagina, thereby completely eliminating the risk of unwanted pregnancy. Direct contact between the penis and vagina is also excluded, so there is no risk of contracting sexually transmitted diseases. In addition, a condom is a single-use contraceptive, ideal for men and women whose sex life is irregular. In addition, it can be used by those couples for whom other methods of contraception after childbirth for some reason are not suitable. The use of condoms has no contraindications, does not require large financial costs. However, it also has a minus - the condom can break. In this case, the woman will be forced to pay attention to emergency contraception methods. There are also less common methods of male contraception, such as sterilization and hormonal drugs. Since birth control pills for men are still in the testing stage, they will not be discussed in this article, but what is sterilization - read on. Male sterilization is called "vasectomy". Its principle is to intersect the vas deferens. The operation is performed under local anesthesia and lasts about 10 minutes. About a month after the procedure, the man completely loses the ability to have children. However, this process is completely reversible, if the man wants to have children in the future. This procedure has absolutely no negative impact on the man's health: his normal hormonal background does not change, sexual desire and potency do not decrease. Today, this is a complete list of known contraceptives for men.

Methods of emergency contraception

Unfortunately, in life, things happen from time to time.unforeseen situations and unprotected sexual intercourse occur. In order to prevent unwanted pregnancy, there are methods of emergency contraception. I would also like to remind women that if they need emergency contraception, folk methods will not help them. There are certain contraceptives after intercourse that prevent pregnancy even if intercourse was unprotected. Contraceptives after sex are available in the form of tablets containing a large amount of hormones. Contraceptives after intercourse are divided into two types according to their principle of action and chemical composition:

• Contraceptive means after sex, the mainactive substance in which is levonorgestrel. The most known methods of emergency contraception, belonging to this group, are such drugs as "Escapel" and "Postinor." They belong to the group of hormonal drugs, they can be purchased in a pharmacy without a prescription.
• Contraceptive means after intercourse,related to non-hormonal drugs, based on an active substance such as mifepristone. The most known contraceptive after the act, belonging to this group is Postinor. Non-hormonal drugs can be used as emergency contraceptives for adolescents.

The principle on which the urgent method operatescontraception, is that there is a process of blocking ovulation, which excludes the possibility of fertilization. In the same case, if fertilization occurred before the drug was taken, the drug excludes the possibility of implantation of the fertilized egg in the uterine cavity. Despite the fact that such means can help prevent unwanted pregnancy, a woman should remember that these are disposable contraceptives that cannot be abused. It is also necessary to take into account the fact that this type of contraceptive does not protect against sexually transmitted diseases.

Teenage contraception

No matter how indignant the older people may be aboutmoral depravity of modern society and indecent, in their opinion, behavior of teenagers, teenage sex was, is, and will be. And it is extremely unreasonable for adults to try to hide their heads in the sand - denying the existence of the problem will not make it go away. It is much more reasonable to help children and tell them about contraception methods for teenagers. This will help to avoid problems associated with sexually transmitted diseases and unplanned pregnancy. The latest methods of contraception allow you to choose the most optimal means that will not have a negative impact on the growing body. In order to understand how to choose contraceptives, it is necessary to take into account some features typical of teenage sexual contacts.

• In most cases, sexual intercourse in adolescents is not regular, therefore it is absolutely inadvisable to use new planned methods of contraception.
• Unfortunately, in adolescence very oftenthere are casual sexual relations, which significantly increases the chances of contracting sexually transmitted diseases. Therefore, before contraception for adolescents is not only the task to exclude unwanted pregnancy, but also to protect against sexual infections.
• Contraceptive methods for girls should be very reliable, since an abortion made at such a young age can lead to severe consequences.

Taking into account all the above-mentioned features of the sexuallife of teenagers, we can draw the following conclusion about how to choose contraceptives and what to pay attention to if a teenager categorically refuses to go to the doctor:

• The method of contraception for girls should be reliable in terms of preventing sexually transmitted diseases. And also protect from the onset of unwanted pregnancy.
• Contraceptive means for girls should not harm their health.
• In addition, the method of contraception for adolescents should be affordable.

The most ideal for all the above requirementscondoms or non-hormonal birth control pills are the answer. But their use is only possible if the girl has one regular and reliable sexual partner

Traditional contraceptive means

So, you have learned about what there arecontraceptives. However, before summing up, I would like to mention folk contraceptives. Unfortunately, even in our time, many women rely on folk methods of contraception. And they completely ignore effective traditional methods of contraception. There are various contraceptives at home:

• Douching of the vagina with a powerful pressure of water immediately after intercourse.
• Douching of the vagina after sexual intercourse with water, in which a certain amount of citric acid is predissolved.
• Introduction before the sexual intercourse in the vagina a piece of lemon.
• Introduction before the sexual intercourse in the vagina of a piece of laundry soap.

Supporters of folk methods of contraceptionclaim that a sharp change in the alkaline balance in the vagina leads to the death of sperm and eliminates the possibility of pregnancy. In fact, such folk contraceptives will lead to the development of such a disease as cervical erosion. But contraception with folk remedies is impossible. This article describes all the methods and methods of contraception. Any woman who takes a responsible approach to family planning can give preference to the most effective contraceptives that are suitable for her. However, before making a final choice, it is still better to consult with your gynecologist, who knows about all your diseases and individual characteristics of the body. We sincerely wish that your test will become "striped" only when you really want it! We advise you to read:

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