We live in a civilized andhigh-tech 21st century. Today, when no one is surprised by Skype communication and space tourism, some women continue to remain ignorant in matters of pregnancy planning. In order to speed up the process of conceiving a baby or, conversely, to prevent an unwanted pregnancy, learn how to correctly calculate the moment of ovulation (fertile phase) and study its main signs. Ovulation and conception are two processes that are inextricably linked with each other.

Phases of the monthly cycle

Conceiving a child without ovulationimpossible, so any woman dreaming of an heir should learn to accurately calculate the days favorable for the birth of a new life in her body. Ovulation can be called the main event of the menstrual cycle, during which the egg cell ready for fertilization leaves the ovarian follicle into the abdominal cavity. If the egg cell merges with the sperm during this period, conception will occur. Otherwise, after some time, it will leave the female body along with blood. The menstrual cycle can be divided into 3 periods:

• relative sterility (fertilization is permissible, but it may not occur);
• fertility (the most suitable period for conception);
• absolute sterility (when conception can not occur).

Relative sterility occurs during the period fromthe last for menstruation and lasts about 14 days (until ovulation). The chances of getting pregnant during these days are low, but they still exist and many women managed to conceive a child during this period. With a regular 28-day monthly cycle, the fertile phase occurs between the 11th and 21st days after the start of the last menstruation. It lasts about 2 days. These are the days that are considered the most favorable for conception. It should be taken into account that after sexual intercourse, sperm that enter the cervix can retain the ability to fertilize for an average of 5 days, so several days before the ovulation period are also considered to be the fertile phase. Absolute sterility is a period of time that occurs 48 hours after the release of the egg from the ovarian follicle and ends on the last day of menstruation. After ovulation ends, the female body loses the ability to reproduce until the next fertile phase. Sperm that enter the cervix at this time will simply die. Any organism can fail. With an irregular cycle, it can be quite difficult to calculate the exact day of ovulation, so a woman needs to know the signs by which this process can be determined. There are few of them and they are all quite obvious, you just have to look closely at your body. Ovulation can be determined independently using several methods. These include:

• measurement of temperature in the rectum;
• monitoring of vaginal discharge (cervical mucus);
• calendar method.

Basal method

The most accurate method for determining the periodfertility is to measure the temperature inside the rectum, but this method requires a serious approach. In order to calculate the day of ovulation, you will have to measure your basal temperature (this is the scientific name for the temperature in the rectum) in the morning throughout the menstrual cycle. It is measured with a regular medical thermometer, inserting it into the anus for 5 minutes. Record all the data in a special notebook. During the monthly cycle, the temperature in the rectum fluctuates due to different levels of the hormone progesterone. To get a relatively accurate picture, the basal temperature should be measured daily for 3 months. After the specified time, carefully study the data obtained. Do not take into account the days when you were sick and had a fever. During menstruation, the temperature in the anus always exceeds 37 ° C. On the first day of the menstrual cycle, it can reach 37.9 ° C, and in the following days the temperature begins to gradually decrease and becomes normal by the end of the period. From this period until ovulation, the basal temperature does not rise above 36.8°C. During the day before ovulation, the temperature in the rectum decreases, and then rises sharply to 37.5-38.5°C. The presence of high thermometer readings is a sign that ovulation has occurred. After the release of the egg, the temperature will remain slightly elevated (above 37°C) and will normalize after the end of menstruation. A consistently high basal temperature with a delay in the menstrual cycle indicates the onset of pregnancy. In order to easily determine ovulation using the basal temperature method, it is necessary to make a graph and mark all its fluctuations on it. The moment when the temperature graph sharply creeps up means the onset of ovulation, and during these days, married couples who want to have a child should lead an active intimate life. And women who do not want to get pregnant should either completely abstain from sex a few days before this day, or use reliable protection. In order to study the characteristics of your body and predict the day of ovulation in advance, the basal temperature chart should be kept for a long period. A separate word should be said about women taking birth control pills. Their rectal temperature remains stable throughout the menstrual cycle, without sharp changes. This is explained by the fact that oral contraceptives control the hormonal level in her body. The temperature chart of such ladies has the form of an irregular curved line without peaks and rises. After finishing taking birth control pills, their temperature chart takes on a normal appearance.

Monitoring of secretions

Predict the moment of the onset of the fertile phasecan be determined by observing vaginal discharge. During menstruation, a woman's genitals produce copious bloody discharge. After menstruation ends, she has "dry days" - a time when there is no mucus in the woman's vagina. Dry days last from one to several days and are followed by a period during which viscous white cervical mucus is abundantly secreted from the vagina. Its appearance indicates the approach of ovulation. After the egg is released into the abdominal cavity, viscous vaginal discharge stops, and dry days begin again, during which the possibility of conception is sharply reduced. As in the previous method, record all observations in a notebook. Make tables of discharge, for which use conventional signs:

• bleeding note in red;
• dry days make green;
• the period preceding ovulation is white;
• yellow mark the last day of copious cervical discharge.

After observing the discharge over the course ofseveral menstrual cycles and having made several tables, you will learn how to independently determine the period favorable for conceiving a child and build your intimate life in accordance with it. In order to accurately determine the mucous days, it is advisable to abstain from intimacy with your partner for at least 1 month. Cervical mucus should be observed several times a day, since its consistency and color can change during the day. Record the records and at the end of each day determine the time period with the highest level of fertility. Mark it in the table. How to build your intimate life using this method? After the cessation of menstruation, during the dry days, you can have sex every other night without the risk of getting pregnant. Such alternation is necessary in order not to confuse mucus with male sperm. With the onset of cervical discharge, sexual intercourse should be stopped by those women who are not going to have a child. But ladies dreaming of procreation should lead an active intimate life on mucous days. The end of the fertile phase occurs after the cessation of vaginal discharge, but the probability of conception remains for about 3 days. Starting from the 4th day after ovulation and up until menstruation, you can live a fearless sexual life.

Calendar method

The most convenient way to determine the phasefertility is the calendar method. It is applicable only in the case of a regular 28-day menstrual cycle. If your cycle is more or less days, then you will need to independently adjust the method used. According to this system, start counting the time favorable and unfavorable for conception from the first day of menstruation. The period safe for conception is the days when a woman is in a sterile phase, that is, she cannot get pregnant. This period is considered to be the period from the 1st to the 9th day of the menstrual cycle. A sign of the sterile phase can be poor health, especially if the woman had painful periods. After the period safe for sex, there are conditionally safe days when there is a risk of conceiving a child. They last about 5 days. The probability of getting pregnant during this time is 50%. Then follow the favorable days for conceiving a baby. Their number is 9 days: 4 days before the release of the egg, ovulation itself and 4 days after it. It is believed that in the days preceding ovulation, there is a high probability of conceiving a girl, and as a result of pregnancies that occur during or immediately after ovulation, mainly boys are born. After the dangerous days, a relatively safe period for intimacy begins again (4 days). It is replaced by days of safe sex, which last until the onset of menstruation. This period is accompanied by premenstrual syndrome, during which the physical and psycho-emotional well-being of a woman worsens. Signs of PMS: the appearance of painful sensations in the chest, rapid fatigue, headaches, dizziness, nervous instability, increased appetite. The days before the onset of menstruation are considered completely safe for unprotected sex with your regular sexual partner. For a more accurate determination of the moment of ovulation, you can combine several of the above methods. For example, use the calendar method together with basal temperature measurements. Or make a cervical discharge chart and simultaneously calculate the days dangerous for fertilization using the calendar. You can also buy a special ovulation test at the pharmacy, which determines the amount of luteinizing hormone produced in the female body during the release of the egg.

Conception during menstruation: additional signs of ovulation

Until recently, it was believed that conception inday of menstruation is impossible. But scientists have disappointed women with the news that in very rare cases ovulation can occur even during menstrual bleeding. This mainly concerns women with an irregular menstrual cycle, who ovulate once every 2 or even 3 months and it can be extremely difficult to predict. In women with a short menstrual cycle and a long period of menstruation, ovulation can occur several days after the end of bleeding. When using the calendar method, they need to be guided by other calculations: maturation of the egg can occur between 6 and 10 days after the end of blood discharge. In addition to the listed methods, ovulation can be determined by a number of additional signs. These include:

• sudden increase of sexual desire;
• aching or paroxysmal pains in the ovaries that quickly pass;
• the appearance of pimples on the face;
• bloating;
• nervous tension
• hypersensitivity of mammary glands.

Depending on individual characteristicsIn the female body, additional signs of ovulation may be present in varying degrees of intensity and in varying quantities. A woman's goal is to learn to distinguish them in order to prepare for conception at the most suitable time for her.

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