Bronchitis is an inflammation of the bronchi, whichobstructs their patency, and if left untreated, can lead to pulmonary emphysema and death. Obstructive bronchitis, the treatment of which takes a long time and is not always successful, is easier to prevent. Both adults and children suffer from obstructive bronchitis. But if children most often have an acute form of the disease, then in adults the disease can become chronic. With this disease, the patency of the respiratory tract is obstructed. If the disease is not treated, it can not only become chronic, difficult to cure, but can also lead to death. That is why at the first signs of difficulty breathing, you should immediately visit a doctor, and not treat yourself. Delay is very dangerous.

Acute bronchitis. Symptoms

In children with weakened immune systems, it is oftenpeople suffering from colds, acute respiratory viral infections or living in unfavorable environmental conditions may develop an acute form of obstruction. This inflammation can have several forms:

• acute simple bronchitis;
• acute obstructive bronchitis;
• acute bronchiolitis.

Obstructive bronchitis differs from simple bronchitisthe occurrence and development of obstruction - spasm of small or large bronchi. Most often, this type of disease affects children from 2 to 4 years old. It usually develops against the background of another, underlying disease. The diagnosis can be recognized by the following symptoms:

• The patient begins fever, there is a noticeable increase in temperature. It can last from 2 to 8 days. High temperature is especially dangerous for infants.
• There is a sharp cough. At first it is dry, frequent, and difficult to breathe. Later, with the development of the disease, cough becomes wet, sputum begins to drain from the sick baby.
• It develops severe shortness of breath, dry, and later wet wheezing in the chest, which can be heard even by the unaided ear.
• Begins weakness, a general decline in strength.

Acute obstructive bronchitis in children. Treatment

Treatment of the acute form can only be complex. It is good if parents can combine medical and folk methods when caring for a sick child. Usually, the sick are prescribed:

• Drugs that bring down fever. However, they are recommended only in cases where the temperature exceeds 38.5 °.
• Antibacterial drugs: vasoconstrictive for normalizing the breathing of the nose, antitussive in dry, expectorating with a damp cough.
• Herbal infusions, decoctions, soothing cough, helping to sputum.

Among the folk methods for treatment, you canuse oil wrap, but only when the baby has a normal or slightly elevated temperature. Do it like this. Soak a towel in unrefined oil boiled in a water bath, wrap the baby in it. Wrap it in cellophane on top, wrap it in a blanket. You can keep such an oil compress for several hours: warming helps the bronchi to expand, eliminates cough, and liquefies phlegm.

Other folk ways to get rid of bronchitis

Important! Any folk methods of treatment should first be agreed upon with your doctor.

• Prepare a composition consisting of an egg, two spoons of cognac and the same amount of condensed milk. All beat up, dilute ¾ cup of boiling water, drink. After immediately taking a hot bath, go to bed.
• Daily until the symptoms disappear completely put compresses of red clay, vodka with water (in half).
• Take infusion of onions with garlic, boiled in milk with the addition of honey, mint juice.
• Drink freshly squeezed fruit or herbs.

It is believed that a composition containing the following ingredients is very helpful for acute obstructive bronchitis:

• 500 grams of an oleaster passed through a meat grinder or blender;
• The same amount of pork overblown smaltz;
• Polytrovaya bank melted on a couple or a water bath of honey, better than May;
• Tablespoon of cocoa powder (for taste).

All ingredients are mixed and given to the patientspoon a quarter of an hour before meals. It is worth remembering that such treatment methods can cause allergies, so it is inappropriate to use them without consulting a doctor. In acute obstructive inflammation, not only the treatment is important, but also the patient's behavior. He is obliged to:

• Observe the bed rest.
• Take a lot of warm liquid: it helps to thin, and then discharge the phlegm.
• Observe the milk diet, eat as much fruit and vegetables as possible.

Usually, this treatment is sufficient for treating acute obstructive bronchitis in children. Only in the most severe cases do doctors prescribe antibiotics.

Chronic form. Causes. Symptoms

The chronic form in children develops very rarely. Adults, on the contrary, are more prone to this type of disease. The causes of chronic inflammation are:

• Hereditary pathology. Obstructive bronchitis often affects people who are inherited by the deficit of α1-antitrypsin.
• Unfavorable environmental conditions: air pollution, harmful emissions, excessive humidity, etc.
• Harmful professions. Obstruction is caused by cadmium, cement, work in mines, in some chemical industries.
• Smoking.

Signs of chronic bronchitis cannot always manifest. Very often periods of exacerbation are followed by remission, in which all symptoms are absent. The doctor makes a diagnosis when the patient has:

• Cough, often accompanied by wet wheezing or spitting. In the first stages, cough only appears in the morning, after waking.
• Dyspnea. It should be remembered that dyspnea appears 7-10 years later than a chronic cough. First it arises with physical exertion, and at subsequent stages it becomes constant.
• If chronic obstructive ailment is not treated, breathing becomes wheezing, when purulent sputum is released, dyspnea becomes a severe form of respiratory failure.
• There is a general decline in strength, the patient has a persistent headache, pain behind the sternum.
• If sputum enters the stomach, then symptoms include nausea, upset of the stool, pain in the stomach or intestines.

Incorrect treatment or lack thereof leads to periods of remission being sharply shortened. Inflammation can lead to death.

Treatment of chronic bronchitis

Treatment that a doctor prescribes to patientschronic form of obstructive bronchitis, is fundamentally different from the treatment of its acute form. In the acute form, therapy is aimed at getting rid of the underlying disease, a complication of which was acute bronchitis. When treating chronic obstruction, the doctor acts according to the following scheme.

• First, the patient is trying to get rid of the factor that caused the disease. Sometimes for this purpose a primary disease is treated, sometimes it is suggested to the patient to change the climate.
• Since the main symptom is difficultybreathing, patients are prescribed bronchodilator drugs (taking into account the age of the patient, his condition). It can be m-holinolitiki (naprmer, Spiriva). Bronchodilating action is also provided by β2-agonists (Salbutamol refers to them), methylxanthines.
• Mucolytics are prescribed for liquefaction of sputum. It can be Bromhexine, Broncholitin, herbal preparations.
• If pus is found in expectorant sputum, the doctor prescribes antibiotics.

Important! It is strictly forbidden to choose a course of treatment on your own! Incorrectly selected drugs do not alleviate, but complicate the treatment of chronic obstructive disease.

Prevention of bronchitis

Inflammation occurs as a result of weakeningimmunity. It can develop against the background of colds, chronic rhinitis, due to the impact of unfavorable conditions on the human body. To avoid the development of the disease, it is necessary to follow the following rules:

• Do not allow long chronic rhinitis, timely treatment of ARVI, other seasonal diseases;
• Do not overcool;
• Tempering children from the earliest age. Adults should also be tempered, only so you can keep strong immunity;
• Refuse bad habits: smoking, substance abuse, etc .;
• If possible, ride a rest in a warm, dry climate;
• Take vitamins, especially during the off-season.

Chronic obstructive bronchitis - the path to emphysema and other complications

With constant inflammation of the respiratory tracta lot of mucus is formed, some of which is not excreted from the body, but clogs (sometimes completely) the bronchi. Feeling a lack of air, a person tries to breathe more often, deeper, but this does not relieve him of the lack of air. Clogged bronchi, coughing fits lead to an increase in pressure in the pulmonary lobes. They swell, the volume of lung tissue increases, but at the same time the respiratory surface decreases sharply, and some of the lobes die. The chest becomes less mobile, emphysema develops, in which oxygen deficiency only increases. Sometimes, when phlegm clogs a bronchus, the lung does not swell, but collapses, because the air is absorbed from it. This is how an equally dangerous complication develops, which is called pulmonary atelectasis. Gradually, the lung tissue is replaced by scar tissue, which leads to irreversible consequences. The more often bronchial inflammation occurs, the more it corrodes the vessels. A new symptom appears: hemoptysis. The separation of blood with sputum may be a sign of the development of a tumor of the lungs or bronchi. All these symptoms increase the load on the heart. Gradually, the patient may develop cardiopulmonary insufficiency. There are other, no less dangerous complications of chronic obstructive bronchitis. To avoid them, it is recommended:

• Engage in disease prevention;
• Monitor immunity;
• In time, treat any diseases that arise.

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