How is pigmentation manifested?
The representative of the fair sex is very importantin time to pay attention to the problem, to immediately eliminate the cause. With the consequences, it is much more difficult to fight, more expensive and more costly, both from a financial point of view and from a temporary one. The signs of pigmentation are:
- darker local skin coloration;
- different shape and shape of the pigmented area;
- clearly delineated boundaries;
- smooth surface of the pigmented section;
- color can be very diverse, ranging from light yellow to dark brown;
- the most frequent localization is the open areas of the skin (forehead, cheekbones, nose, skin over the upper lip).
Next we will talk about pigmentation over the toplip, including ways to get rid of this cosmetic defect. But remember that all this is written for your reference. In any case, it is advisable to visit a dermatologist and a cosmetologist before engaging in self-medication. 
Causes of pigmentation above the upper lip
Increased melanin formation in certainplaces is a sign that reflects the unfavorable state of the entire human body. This statement is true, since ultraviolet, which stimulates the production of melanin, falls on the face completely, and the pigmentation is formed only over the upper lip. The most frequent reasons for this should be considered:
- diseases of the thyroid gland, which are accompanied by a change in its functional state - hypo- or hyperthyroidism (diffuse toxic goiter, autoimmune thyroiditis, nodular goiter, etc.);
- adrenal gland diseases (primarily Addison's disease, which has a second name - bronze disease);
- pregnancy (during pregnancy, the formation of melanin increases as a result of hormonal reorganizations);
- violations of the ovarian-menstrual cycle;
- taking hormonal drugs with a contraceptive or therapeutic purpose;
- liver diseases, in which metabolism of melanin and its neutralization is disturbed;
- disease of the pituitary gland, which controls the release of a hormone that stimulates the synthesis of melanin (this can be inflammatory or cancer).
Thus, the reasons that can lead tothe appearance of pigmentation over the upper lip, are diverse and sometimes represent serious pathological processes. Therefore, it is necessary to seek help from a specialist in a timely manner, and not to listen to the advice of "knowledgeable" people.
Pigmentation in the summer
Features of the structure of the face can determinethe appearance of pigmentation over the upper lip in the summer, when it is not considered a variant pathology. Gradually such pigmentation becomes lighter and completely disappears. In this case, there is no need to worry about its appearance. It is necessary to protect this part of the face from the excessive amount of sunlight. For this purpose it is recommended to use sunscreens with a high degree of protection, which should be applied to the face 15-20 minutes before going out.
Pigmentation as a symptom of the disease
If the pigmentation of the upper lip is notis associated with increased insolation, and is observed at any time of the year, it is necessary to seek help from a doctor to take a test and take tests. Only a doctor is able to determine the reason for the appearance of pigmentation. To do this, he assigns appropriate studies that will help establish an accurate diagnosis. Typically, a diagnostic search involves the following studies:
- determination of the level of triiodothyronine, thyroxine, thyroid stimulating hormone, antibodies to thyroid peroxidase, thyroid-stimulating hormone;
- test of testosterone;
- assessment of urinary 17-ketosteroids in the urine, determination of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate in the blood;
- determination of cortisol level;
- assessment of the level of chorionic gonadotropin (allows to clarify the diagnosis of pregnancy);
- evaluation of the hormonal background in menstrual disorders (determine the level of estradiol, progesterone, follicle-stimulating and luteinizing hormone);
- carry out liver tests to evaluatethe functional state of the liver (determine the level of total, direct and indirect bilirubin, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, total protein, albumins and globulins, creatinine and urea);
- assessment of the level of tropic hormones that are secreted by the pituitary gland;
- perform ultrasound examination of the thyroid and liver;
- for the diagnosis of the pathological process ina computed tomography (recommended in the absence of a radiograph of the Turkish saddle, but this is a less sensitive method of diagnosis) is recommended.
Thus, the diagnosis of the causes of pigmentation involves carrying out hormonal and instrumental examination. 
Treatment of pigmentation over the upper lip
It is quite obvious that the treatment of localHyperpigmentation should be based on the elimination of the cause that caused its appearance, as well as on local therapy, which helps to remove excess melanin. Therefore, several doctors take part in the treatment of this pathology. At a minimum, there are 2 specialists: dermatologist-cosmetologist and therapist. Only with a comprehensive approach to hyperpigmentation therapy can we expect a good result.
Local hyperpigmentation therapy on the face
Currently, in a highly efficient mannerremoval of pigmented spots is laser removal. Using ultrasound for this purpose is less effective. And different types of peeling (chemical, mechanical) are significantly inferior in efficiency. Also, to achieve a good cosmetic result, it is recommended to apply biotatuazh. Consider the mechanism of action of the laser beam, possible contraindications to this procedure. Advantages of alexandrite-neodymium laser The Alexandrite-neodymium laser is the last word of technology and scientific thought, which makes it possible to get rid of annoying pigmentation on the face painlessly. The high efficiency of this method of getting rid of excess melanin is achieved due to the following properties of the laser beam:
- a laser wavelength is chosen that will destroy the pigment only in those places where it is necessary without affecting other parts of the skin;
- there is no trauma to a number of located cells;
- delicacy of procedure - does not leave scarring and scars after its carrying out.
Mechanism of pigment-destructive action of laserrays Pigmented cells have an increased ability to absorb laser radiation. Absorbing the energy of the laser, the bonds between melanin molecules are destroyed. Therefore, it is easily excreted from the skin due to macrophages and other cells of the immune system. As a result, the skin becomes lighter in the eyes. It is important that the laser beam does not have a damaging effect on healthy skin. How the procedure goes and how the rehabilitation period proceeds The laser pigmentation removal above the upper lip is a completely painless procedure that does not require anesthesia. The skin treatment session lasts from 5 to 10 minutes, on average, without distracting the person from the habitual way of life. After laser removal of pigmentation, slight reddening of the skin remains at the site of exposure. This mild hyperemia usually lasts for half an hour. The destruction and removal of pigment from the skin is accompanied by a slight peeling, which disappears after a few days. After that, the pigmented spots completely disappear. Usually one session is enough to get rid of the pigmentation of the upper lip.
Safety of laser pigmentation removal
The laser beam is completely harmless, sohow to adjust its various parameters. Therefore, the possibility of burns, scarring and increased persistent pigmentation on this background is completely excluded. A highly qualified specialist will select an individual wavelength and intensity of laser radiation. Thus, the pigmentation of the upper lip causes enormous cosmetic discomfort to the person. The causes of its appearance can be very diverse, including serious pathological processes in the body. Therefore, in all cases of pigmentation above the upper lip, a consultation of a highly qualified doctor is required. After establishing the exact cause, it is possible to perform both systemic and local treatment. In the local therapy, the main place is occupied by laser removal of hyperpigmentation.
