Motherhood is the main goal and purposealmost any woman. It is hard to imagine greater happiness than the first smile, the first tooth, the first word of the baby. But, unfortunately, sometimes nature can play a cruel joke on a woman and for some reason she cannot get pregnant - what to do in such a situation? Very often, such a factor preventing pregnancy is some problems with women's health. However, a woman should never give up and refuse the opportunity to feel the happiness that a mother experiences when hugging her baby. In this article, we will consider cases of why some women cannot get pregnant. However, our readers should remember that all the information presented in this article is provided for general information only. Be sure to seek help from doctors - gynecologists who have experience in the treatment of secondary infertility, and not puzzle over the problem "I can't get pregnant, what to do?" on your own. First, let's briefly consider how the fertilization process occurs. If the fertilization process proceeds normally, it occurs according to the following scheme: the mature egg leaves the ovary and begins its movement along the fallopian tube, where, provided there is sexual intercourse and the spermatozoa are viable, the egg and spermatozoa merge. The egg immediately begins the process of division and movement into the uterine cavity. The mucous membrane of the uterus, under the influence of certain hormones, changes and becomes capable of accepting the fertilized cell, allowing it to attach. From this moment, pregnancy begins to develop rapidly. However, sometimes this natural process is impossible for some reason. The most common pathological processes in the female body that prevent normal conception are described below.
Pregnancy with one tube after ectopic pregnancy
The first problem we will talk about ishow to get pregnant after an ectopic pregnancy. As mentioned above, the fertilized egg moves through the fallopian tube into the uterine cavity, where it is fixed. However, sometimes, under the influence of a variety of, often completely unpredictable factors, the fertilized cell is implanted not in the uterine cavity, but in the ovary, cervix, or, which is much more common, in the fallopian tube. If the pregnancy begins to develop, doctors talk about such a phenomenon as an ectopic pregnancy. The causes of ectopic pregnancy are diseases such as:
- Chronic endometritis or endometriosis
- Chronic andxitis and other inflammatorydiseases of female genital organs lead to adhesive process and various complications. That's why doctors on a woman's question about whether it is possible to become pregnant with spikes are advised to first get rid of them
- The presence of sexually transmitted diseases, especially chronic, existing for a woman for a long time and taking place in a slow form
All these diseases are quite severe,for a long time, causing a lot of inconvenience and unpleasant moments to a woman. However, the most important and insidious danger that all inflammatory diseases conceal is the formation of a huge number of various adhesions, which often make the fallopian tubes impassable for a fertilized egg, as a result of which the egg is fixed in the fallopian tube. Keep this fact in mind when deciding whether it is possible to get pregnant with adhesions. And if a fairly wide circle of people knows about this reason, then only a few know about the second reason for the development of an ectopic pregnancy. The embryo can implant and begin to develop outside the uterine cavity if the fertilization of the egg occurred with a defective sperm. By the way, very often the quality of sperm is affected by the presence of chronic sluggish infectious diseases in a man, which can be completely asymptomatic. That is why doctors strongly recommend all couples planning to become parents in the near future to undergo examination together – both the woman and the man. This will help to avoid various complications of the normal course of pregnancy – the probability of getting pregnant after laparoscopy is much higher than without appropriate treatment.
Symptoms of ectopic pregnancy
Uterine pregnancy in the early stages proceeds in exactly the same way as a normal healthy uterine pregnancy. A pregnant woman may have all the same signs as a normal pregnancy:
- Termination of the menstrual cycle
Despite the fact that most often menstrualthe cycle of a pregnant woman stops in any case, regardless of whether the pregnancy is uterine or not, in some cases there are exceptions to these rules. Pay special attention to your condition and well-being if your period started untimely, or did not proceed as usual - was more abundant or, on the contrary, very scanty, especially smearing with ichor - this is often a sign of trouble, in particular, an ectopic pregnancy.
- The emergence of nausea, dizziness, the appearance of taste perversions and other indirect signs, indicating the presence of a woman's pregnancy
Despite the fact that the fixation of the fertilized eggoutside the uterine cavity is a pathological process, the body receives signals that there is a pregnancy and it is developing. Of course, in response to these signals, the woman's body begins to produce certain hormones that change the entire hormonal background. It is as a result of this change in hormonal background that all the symptoms of pregnancy occur. However, remember also that they are not always present not only in ectopic but also in normal pregnancy. Everything depends on the individual characteristics of the body of each specific woman.
- Presence of a positive pregnancy test
If a woman has an ectopic pregnancypregnancy, will do a pregnancy test, it will show a positive result. This fact is explained by the same changed hormonal background, due to which certain hormones are also found in the woman's urine. They are responsible for the "striping" of the test.
- Increased size of the uterus
During a manual vaginal examination of a woman, the doctorthe gynecologist determines the increase in the size of the uterus, in accordance with the estimated period of pregnancy. And this process occurs under the influence of the changed hormonal background of the female body. However, a certain amount of time passes, the fetus continues to grow very soon in the fallopian tube there is simply no room for further growth and development. And the woman has the first, but really serious symptoms of an ectopic pregnancy:
- The woman has pain in the lower abdomen
As a rule, in almost all cases, pain occursectopic pregnancy is very, very specific: they are extremely sharp, localized only on one side, depending on whether the embryo was implanted in the right or left tube. Such pains most often radiate to the coccyx area. In addition, it is impossible not to mention the degree of intensity of pain sensations - the pain is so strong that it can lead to the development of a real pain shock in a woman, accompanied by a significant drop in blood pressure and other companions of this condition.
- The appearance of bleeding
Another very common symptomectopic pregnancy is the appearance of bleeding. It can be both very intense and quite scanty. Incidentally, it is scanty discharge of ichor that occurs most often. Unfortunately, thousands of women and doctors regret that it is simply impossible to maintain such a pregnancy in principle. The growing fetus simply ruptures the narrow tube and, as a result, severe bleeding into the abdominal cavity begins. A serious condition develops that threatens the woman's life. The sooner an ectopic pregnancy is detected in a woman, the lower the risk of developing serious complications. That is why gynecologists strongly advise all women to take a pregnancy test at the slightest delay in pregnancy, if the woman is sexually active, of course. Otherwise, the first symptoms of pregnancy can be taken by a pregnant woman for the banal onset of painful menstruation. If a woman who knows she is pregnant experiences any bloody discharge, even if it is not accompanied by pain, she should seek help at a gynecological hospital as soon as possible, and call an ambulance at night. If the pregnancy is ectopic, the woman should receive highly qualified medical care in a hospital as soon as possible - otherwise she risks dying from shock and blood loss. In the same case, if bleeding occurs in a woman with a normal, not ectopic pregnancy, medical care is essential to save the life of the baby. Thus, no matter what the causes of bleeding during pregnancy, a woman should get to the hospital as soon as possible.
Help with ectopic pregnancy
Also, if you havepregnancy is still ectopic, remember that. That fate will definitely give you another, and maybe more than one, chance to become a mother. And the sooner a woman receives medical care, the higher the chance of a successful repeat pregnancy. If an ectopic pregnancy is diagnosed at an early stage, doctors use the most gentle methods of treatment. Using special instruments, very small holes are made in the abdominal wall, into which an endoscope is inserted. With the help of an endoscope, the doctor will be able to remove the embryo from the fallopian tube without damaging its integrity. As a rule, women tolerate such operations quite easily and are discharged home on the second or third day. In the same case, if an ectopic pregnancy, due to various circumstances, is not diagnosed in time and is in an advanced state, doctors are forced to resort to more serious measures in order to save the woman's life. Doctors have to perform a full-fledged abdominal operation with a fairly large incision in order to remove the tube in which the embryo developed. As you understand, such a method of treatment significantly reduces a woman's chances of happy motherhood in the future. However, there is no need to despair in this case - since pregnancy with one tube is quite possible. Those who got pregnant after laparoscopy and even removal of one tube, give birth to beautiful babies. And the chances of getting pregnant after laparoscopy, as well as the probability of getting pregnant on your own after hysteroscopy, are much higher than without any treatment. No matter how doctors remove the fetus - using laparoscopy or during abdominal surgery - doctors will definitely carefully assess the condition and level of patency of the second fallopian tube in order to objectively assess the woman's ability to conceive in the future. After all, those who got pregnant with adhesions once and faced the problem of pregnancy are in the high-risk group for a repeat pregnancy. And the question of whether it is possible to get pregnant after laparoscopy does not even arise for them - often it is laparoscopy for the purpose of eliminating the obstruction of the fallopian tubes that allows a woman to give birth to a child. As a rule, the chances of a second pregnancy in women who have encountered this misfortune are quite high. Pregnancy can occur even if one of the tubes is completely removed, provided that the patency of the second tube is not impaired. However, there is also another side to this issue. Unfortunately, the risk that an ectopic pregnancy will happen again is quite high. This fact is easy to explain - as a rule, ectopic pregnancy is most often caused by adhesions of the tubes, which are caused by various inflammatory diseases. But, as a rule, these diseases affect both fallopian tubes, leading to the appearance of an adhesion process that interferes with patency.
Pregnancy after ectopic
For a successful pregnancy it is veryIt is important to follow all the recommendations of gynecologists. Firstly, in the first period after surgery for an ectopic pregnancy, be sure to use contraception for the time that the female body needs for successful and complete rehabilitation. As a rule, the doctor determines how long this period will last based on observations of the woman's condition. Also, be sure to pay attention to such an aspect as a means of contraception after an ectopic pregnancy. You should not listen to the advice of acquaintances and girlfriends - it is much wiser in this case to take into account the opinion of your attending physician - gynecologist. For example, doctors strongly advise against using an intrauterine device for contraception during the first six months after an ectopic pregnancy. As a rule, a woman who plans to become pregnant after an ectopic pregnancy is under constant and close medical supervision, and before the onset of pregnancy, receives an intensive course of treatment aimed at preventing the onset of a repeated ectopic pregnancy. But remember - even if, despite all the efforts of doctors, for some reason you have a repeated ectopic pregnancy and, in the worst case, both ectopic tubes are removed, you should not despair and become despondent, forever giving up the opportunity to have your own children. The level of modern medicine is so high that it allows a woman deprived of both fallopian tubes to successfully carry and give birth to her long-awaited baby. For this, doctors use IVF, which will be discussed below.
Pregnancy in polyps
Another question - is it possible to get pregnant?при полипе? Существует огромное количество различных полипов. И если наличие полипов цервикального канала или шейки матки особых препятствий к наступлению беременности не оказывают, так как очень быстро и без какого – либо труда. А вот полипы эндометрия матки доставляют гораздо больше проблем, чем все остальные виды полипов — забеременеть после удаления полипа гораздо проще и безопаснее. Первое, о чем необходимо сказать – это о причине возникновения полипом эндометрия. В большинстве случаев виновником появления у женщины полипов эндометрия становится искусственный аборт либо осложненное течение родов. Как правило, в том случае, если после выскабливания полости матки во время прерывания беременности врач оставляет там плодную ткань, на этом месте и появляется полип эндометрия. Примерно то же самое происходит и в том случае, если после родов послед отходит не полностью, и врач не заметил мелких остатков плаценты в полости матки – развитие полиров эндометрия не заставит ждать себя. И в том, и в другом случае причиной возникновения полипов эндометрия являются те сгустки крови, которые остаются на слизистой матки. Очень быстро на месте кровяных сгустков начинает бурно расти соединительная ткань. Полип имеет свойство расти очень и очень быстро и буквально за несколько недель может достигнуть значительных размеров. В том же случае, если полип образовался из плацентарной ткани, он и название носит соответствующее – плацентарный. Стоит также обратить внимание на то, что полипы могут быть самых различных размеров. И, справедливости ради надо заметить, что размер полипов далеко не всегда влияет на возможность зачатия. Зачастую женщина годами не может забеременеть, потому что у нее имеется маленький полип, который никоим образом внешне себя не проявляет. И обнаруживается он только случайно, когда женщина проходит тщательное обследование по поводу вторичного бесплодия. Любой женщине, а уж тем более той, которая планирует в будущем стать матерью очаровательного крохи, в том случае, если у нее диагностировано такое заболевание, как полип эндометрия матки, необходимо пройти лечение как можно быстрее. Помните, что чем раньше будет удален полип, тем менее вероятность того, что вследствие заболевания разовьются различные осложнения. Полипы эндометрия значительно затрудняют передвижение плодного яйца в полости матки и его последующую имплантацию. Конечно же, и с полипом эндометрия возможно наступление беременности, однако помните о том, что при такой беременности значительно повышается риск самопроизвольного прерывания беременности. Этот фактор также является еще одним аргументом в пользу удаления полипов эндометрия еще до наступления беременности. В некоторых случаях, хотя достаточно редко, врач – гинеколог может назначить лечение полипа эндометрия женщине, находящейся на раннем сроке беременности. Подобное лечение проводится только в условиях стационара, под постоянным строгим медицинским контролем. Всегда помните о том, что в том случае, если ранее вам уже удаляли полип эндометрия матки, вам необходимо постоянно наблюдаться у врача – гинеколога. Полип эндометрия – достаточно коварное заболевание, которое имеет свойство давать рецидивы, причем не однократные. И даже в том случае, если в последующем вы не планируете стать мамой еще раз, помните о том, что полип эндометрия матки может давать ряд других осложнений, помимо вторичного бесплодия. К огромному сожалению, порой даже радикальное лечение полипов эндометрия матки не приносит должного результата – болезнь возвращается снова и снова, мешая женщине забеременеть. Справедливости ради стоит заметить, что подобные случаи встречаются достаточно редко, однако все же имеют место быть. И не упомянуть их просто нельзя. В данном случае женщине на помощь также может придти ЭКО. Эмбрион подсаживается в матку в самое благоприятное для этого время, между рецидивами болезни.
Pregnancy IVF - what is it?
ECO is an abbreviation for ExtraCorporal Fertilization. This process got its name from the Latin expression "extra corpora", which literally translates as "outside the body". This achievement of modern medicine and science allows couples who have tried all other methods of treating diseases that lead to infertility - both primary and secondary - to become parents. Pregnancy by IVF is possible in 90% of all cases of infertility - both male and female. Those who become pregnant after stimulation and artificial insemination go through all the same stages of pregnancy, excluding only the process of conception itself. The principle of this method of artificial insemination is as follows: the process of fertilization itself - the fusion of the egg and sperm - occurs in artificially created favorable conditions, in a special incubator, and not in the fallopian tubes, as happens in natural conditions. The founders of this method of artificial insemination are British scientists. It was thanks to their titanic efforts and painstaking work that the first test tube baby was born - a girl named Lisa Brown. This joyful event took place in 1978. Nowadays, the IVF fertilization procedure has become a practically routine medical procedure - more than 50 thousand children conceived with the help of in vitro fertilization are born worldwide every year. Moreover, these children are absolutely no different from their peers conceived naturally. At the moment, IVF is recognized by the World Health Organization as the most effective of all existing methods of treating persistent infertility. This fact is explained very simply - the effectiveness of this procedure reaches 70% even in the most severe cases. This method of artificial insemination has given the joy of being parents even to those couples who have lost all hope for this.
Indications for IVF
At the very beginning of the history of IVF, artificialfertilization was performed only if the woman wishing to become a mother had both fallopian tubes missing. However, the list of indications was constantly expanded, and today it includes the following diseases:
- Various abnormalities of the fallopian tubes
There are a large number of anomaliesfallopian tubes - both congenital and acquired. Thus, congenital anomalies occur during the development of a girl in the womb, and acquired ones are a consequence of diseases that a woman has. In particular, partial or complete obstruction of the fallopian tubes can be a consequence of inflammatory diseases of the genital organs of various origins, surgical interventions or ectopic pregnancy suffered by a woman.
- Endometriosis
Endometriosis is a fairly serious disease in which the endometrial layer migrates outside the uterus. Endometriosis is often the cause of persistent secondary infertility.
- Disorders of the endocrine system
Of course, the very presence of such in a womandiseases such as diabetes, dysfunction of the pituitary gland or adrenal glands, are not an indication for IVF. But if they accompany tubal infertility, which does not respond to other methods of treatment, artificial insemination may be possible.
- Polycystic ovary
Very often a woman is faced with the question of howget pregnant with multifollicular ovaries. If a woman has polycystic ovary syndrome, during an ultrasound examination the doctor may observe a huge number of cysts localized on the ovaries, and a blood test reveals a clear violation of the normal hormonal background. There are quite a large number of different methods for treating this disease, but if for some reason it does not bring the expected result, doctors may suggest the patient to resort to the IVF method.
- Age factor of secondary infertility
As is known, the number of eggs in a womanis laid down in the body during the intrauterine development of the girl. And, naturally, by about 40 years of age, the supply of eggs simply comes to an end, the probability of conception naturally decreases several times. The viability and ability to fertilize those eggs that are still left significantly deteriorates. And it is the IVF method that allows a woman to get pregnant, regardless of her age. For example, the question of how to get pregnant after 40 years in the case of IVF simply does not arise. In addition to the factors of female infertility, there are indications for IVF from the male reproductive system. These indications include such disorders as:
- Azoospermia
Azoospermia is a disorder of normal functionvas deferens and testicles. This disorder is characterized by the absence of spermatozoa in the ejaculate, as such. In this case, IVF will be the only possible way out of this situation. Also, very often women ask whether it is possible to get pregnant with asthenozoospermia? In this case, only a doctor can really assess the couple's chances. Among those couples who got pregnant with a bad spermogram, there are cases of both natural conception and IVF.
- Varicocele
Very often, dilated veins of the spermatic cord lead to male infertility. There is simply no other way to treat this type of male infertility except IVF.
- Idiotoptic Infertility
Unfortunately, sometimes doctors are faced withcases when it is simply impossible to determine the cause of infertility. For example, a woman complains: I have not been able to get pregnant for 2 years. Doctors conduct a thorough examination, but they still cannot determine the cause of infertility.
Features of the IVF method
However, in fairness it should be noted thatDespite its high efficiency, the method of in vitro fertilization, like any other medical intervention, significantly increases a woman's chances of having a child, but still cannot be a 100% guarantee of the onset and successful completion of such a long-awaited pregnancy. But still, given that the number of attempts to get pregnant with the help of IVF is limited only by the financial capabilities of the future parents, most often couples manage to achieve the desired goal and have a child. As a rule, the average probability of getting pregnant with the help of IVF per attempt is approximately 35%. This figure can vary significantly depending on various factors and, above all, on the age of the expectant mother. The younger the woman, the higher her chances of getting pregnant with IVF. Many women who decide on in vitro fertilization are extremely afraid of the side effects of the drugs necessary for special stimulation and preparation of the female body for pregnancy. However, all these fears are completely groundless - numerous studies have proven that absolutely all side effects are of a temporary nature, occur only during the use of these drugs and disappear immediately after their use is stopped. Of course, in vitro fertilization is a rather serious step that needs to be considered more than once or twice. You must be prepared for the fact that the long-awaited pregnancy may not occur either the first, or the second, or even the third time. Be sure to carefully study all the available information that describes your particular case of infertility.
