Quite often parents face thisproblem, such as nosebleeds. Moreover, the blood loss during this bleeding can be quite large - not only the child himself is frightened, but also his parents. In addition, fear also arises due to the fact that almost none of the parents understands what lies at the root of nosebleeds. This is what will be discussed further.
Causes of nasal bleeding
Whatever caused the nosebleed,anyway, it is caused by two factors - either a violation of the integrity of the blood vessel wall, or as a result of a violation of normal blood clotting. Nosebleeds can be either spontaneous, occurring on their own, or provoked by some kind of injury. Doctors distinguish two types of causes that cause bleeding - local and general. So, nosebleeds, causes:
- Local causes
Most often, bleeding is caused byDamage to the vascular wall - in about 90% of all cases. This happens especially often in cases where the vascular plexuses are located very close - in this case, the slightest impact on the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity can lead to severe bleeding. Moreover, injuries that cause nosebleeds can be very different - severe trauma to the nose and nasal septum, for example, as a result of a blow from a ball or a fall of a child. And sometimes a completely harmless, at first glance, habit of a child to pick his nose with a finger is enough. Also, nosebleeds are often provoked by the presence of foreign bodies in the nasal cavity. This problem is most relevant for young children, who quite often put various foreign bodies in their nose - buttons, beads, etc. Moreover, children quite often either do not tell adults about this, fearing punishment, or simply forget about it. And the slightest impact on the baby's nose leads to injury to the mucous membrane of the nose and, as a result, nosebleeds. In addition, such a phenomenon is fraught with other complications. If a foreign body is in the nasal cavity for a long time, an inflammatory process of the nasal mucosa develops. After a few hours, scant bloody nasal discharge with purulent admixture and accompanied by an unpleasant odor will appear from the child's nose. Various tumors of the nose can also cause nosebleeds. Fortunately, in children, benign tumors are almost always found, which are removed, in principle, without much difficulty and without any consequences for the child's body and his health in general. If a child has pathological anomalies in the anatomical structure of the nose, nosebleeds quite often occur, in addition to difficulty breathing through the nose. Very often, nosebleeds are caused by such anomalies as a deviated nasal septum or pathology in the development of the vascular system of the nasal mucosa. Also, a change in the structure of the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity is often encountered, which occurs as a result of long-term exposure to pathogens of diseases such as syphilis, tuberculosis or diphtheria, as well as chronic rhinitis. And sometimes even ordinary dry air in the room can cause nosebleeds. The mucous membrane of the nasal cavity dries out, sticks to the walls of blood vessels, which significantly lose their strength and elasticity. And the slightest impact - sneezing, blowing your nose - leads to the vessel bursting.
- Common causes
Apart from local reasons, there are quite a fewa large number of diseases that cause general nosebleeds. These diseases are, in one way or another, associated with impaired blood clotting or permeability of the vascular walls. The causes may be blood diseases, such as hemophilia. A person with hemophilia has a much worse blood clotting than a healthy person. This happens because the blood lacks special enzymes responsible for blood clotting. By the way, only boys suffer from hemophilia, while girls are only carriers of the defective gene. And infectious diseases such as flu, measles, or rubella significantly increase the permeability of the vascular walls and cause their inflammation. A lack of vitamin C or hereditary diseases that lead to disruption of the normal structure of the vascular wall can lead to approximately the same result. Also, very often, chronic liver diseases in a child lead to nosebleeds. Such diseases include all types of hepatitis, as well as cirrhosis of the liver. Bleeding can also be provoked by chronic inflammatory processes occurring in the paranasal sinuses and the nasal cavity itself. Very often, nosebleeds in children are caused by increased blood pressure. There are a great many reasons that cause this very increase in pressure. These include renal hypertension, physical exertion, overheating of the child, and kidney diseases.
Stopping nasal bleeding in children
Children may start having nosebleedssuddenly, very often right in a dream. Parents may find blood stains on the child's pillow in the morning. Sometimes the bleeding is one-sided, but it can also be from both nostrils. The intensity of this bleeding can also vary - from weak to quite strong. It can very quickly stop on its own, or it can continue continuously, and to stop it, certain efforts are needed.
- Fresh air supply
It is necessary to unbutton clothes as quickly as possible.child, if necessary, open a window. Make sure that the child breathes through the mouth, not the nose. Place something cold on the nose - a piece of ice wrapped in a handkerchief, or water soaked in a cold cloth. But the child's feet, on the contrary, should be warm. Thanks to this, the blood flow to the nose decreases, and the bleeding stops much faster.
- Vasoconstrictor drops
If the child's bleeding is frequent, the doctor will prescribe special drops that constrict the blood vessels. This will help stop the bleeding faster.
- Foreign body
In case the bleeding is provokedthe presence of a foreign body in the nasal cavity, it is in no case permissible to try to remove it on your own. It is necessary to contact a specialist as soon as possible, who will quickly and safely remove the foreign body from the nasal cavity. In the event that the nosebleed is not profuse, the above measures will be quite sufficient to stop it. In the same case, if it is profuse, it is necessary to call an ambulance team as soon as possible. Before the team arrives, it is necessary to carefully monitor the child's pulse and breathing, and also ensure that the child does not choke on blood. After the bleeding has stopped, the child's nasal cavity must be thoroughly lubricated with Vaseline oil using a cotton swab. This will help prevent the mucous membrane from drying out. In addition, over the next 24 hours, it is necessary to strictly limit any physical activity of the child, so as not to provoke repeated bleeding. In the event that the child's bleeding is provoked by excessively dry air, it is necessary to regularly humidify it. You can buy special humidifiers, or you can make do with improvised means, for example. Hang wet sheets or towels in the child's room. You can put drops of medicines made from sea water into the child's nose. If nosebleeds are general, the doctor will prescribe a number of necessary examinations for the child - blood tests, consultations with a hematologist, etc. In no case should systematic nosebleeds be ignored. If nosebleeds in children are repeated regularly, the child's body will slowly become depleted, and chronic iron deficiency anemia may develop. As a result of anemia, the body's immune system will malfunction, resistance to pathogens of various diseases and an aggressive environment will be significantly reduced. In addition, chronic hypoxia inevitably occurs with anemia. And constant oxygen starvation, in turn, can cause irreversible pathological changes in vital organs. Therefore, if a child has had a nosebleed more than twice in a row, the cause should be determined as soon as possible. Timely measures significantly reduce the risk of complications. We recommend reading:
