Classification of ectopy
As already mentioned, ectopy can becongenital and acquired. Deceitful erosion can acquire a character that is recurrent. The clinical form of ectopia can be complicated and uncomplicated. It is worth saying that the uncomplicated form of cervical ectopia in medicine is considered a normal phenomenon and the physiological state of a woman. Adopting a complicated form of ectopia can result from colpitis and cervicitis, which can be caused by infection. If there is a violation of the relationship between the stromal and epithelial elements of the cervix, then in this case the ectopia is called ectropion. Based on histological indicators, papillary and glandular ectopia of the cervix are isolated, as well as false erosion with squamous cell metaplasia. Glandular ectopy is accompanied by signs of inflammation and a cluster of glands with a branched network of glandular passages. Papillary ectopy is accompanied by proliferation of stroma components and the formation of papillary structures that are covered with a cylindrical epithelial tissue. The process of healing of ectopy implies a reverse replacement of cylindrical epithelial tissue by cells of mature flat epithelial tissue. In other words, a so-called transformation zone is formed. In this process, reserve cells also participate, which initially turn into immature, and then mature metaplastic epithelial tissue. It is possible to distinguish between the completed and incomplete zones of transformation with the help of colposcopy. Cellular metaplasia can be severed under adverse effects, which will lead to a relapse of cervical ectopy. In the event that the cells of the mouth of the cervical glands overlap with a metaplastic layer, it is possible to form a cyst of the cervix (nodule cyst). 
What causes cervical ectopy?
During puberty, as well as in the earlya childbearing period, ectopy is regarded as a certain functional feature and quite normal phenomenon. In these periods, the basis for ectopia of the cervix is excessive estrogen release (relative hyperestrogenia). During pregnancy, false erosion is also the norm and is explained by changes in the hormonal background and function of the ovaries. According to different theories, ectopia of the uterus can arise as a result of inflammatory processes, dyshormonal, immunological and traumatic factors. The emergence of cervical ectopia as a result of inflammatory processes is explained by recurrent endocervitis and vaginitis, which are caused by streptococci, E. coli, various pathogens of STDs (ureaplasmosis, mycoplasmosis, chlamydia, gardnerelleza and others). Abnormal and even pathological discharges that affect the vaginal part of the uterus cause the so-called desquamation of the flat epithelial tissue with the formation of a real erosion in its place. For 1-2 weeks epithelial tissue of endocervix extends to the surface of erosion, while covering it, on the site of which an ectopic section is formed. Infection of the uterus can contribute to various birth trauma, mechanical damage to the cervix during abortion, uterine trauma with the use of spermicidal drugs and barrier contraceptives. It is believed that the development of ectopia can provoke and dysfunction of the ovaries. Very often, ectopy occurs with diseases such as endometriosis, uterine fibroids, ovarian stromal hyperplasia, disruption of the hormonal background and the failure of the menstrual cycle, and other conditions caused by increased estrogen release. It is believed that a decrease in immunity can also cause a weakened immune system. Very often ectopy can provoke an early onset of sexual activity, frequent changes in intimate partners, the presence of diabetes, smoking, multiple births, etc. 
Symptoms and Diagnosis of Cervical Ectopy
Uncomplicated form of ectopy of the uterus is notaccompanied by no symptoms and is found, as a rule, with a routine examination of the gynecologist. But most often in women there is a complicated form of ectopia (in 80% of cases), which is combined with various inflammatory processes and precancerous changes (cervical polyps, dysplasia, etc.). In the presence of colpitis or endocervate, there is a separation of leucorrhea from the cervical canal, dyspravitation, itching, contact bleeding. Primary disorders that lead to ectopy of the uterus can cause malfunctions of the menstrual cycle and even infertility. Diagnosis of ectopia is possible with the usual routine examination of the gynecologist. Presence of congenital pseudo-erosion is established at the first reference to the gynecologist. If the acquired ectopy is diagnosed, its formation on the surface of the cervix of the uterus, which has never previously changed, is taken into account. A gynecologist can see the ectopia, examining the patient on a gynecological chair. Ectopia is presented in the form of a bright red foci, which has irregular outlines in the area of the external throat. When a deformed erosion comes into contact with a gynecological instrument, a small amount of blood can be produced. If an ectopia of the uterus has been identified, the doctor prescribes an advanced colposcopy that will identify an atypical site represented by a cylindrical epithelial tissue and transformation zones. Very often (in 40% of cases) during an iodine test (Schiller's test), an abnormal colposcopic pattern is observed: puncture, mosaic, leukoplakia, iodnegative zones. If such signs are found, the most in-depth examination is required. Diagnosis involves carrying out bacteriological inoculation, microscopy, PCR studies. In addition, a cytological examination of scraping is considered mandatory. Such a study will reveal the inflammatory process, the presence of cells of cylindrical and flat epithelial tissue. If an abnormal colposcopic and cytological picture is observed, a uterine biopsy or a separate diagnostic curettage should be performed followed by a histological examination. The function of the ovaries can be studied with the help of special functional tests and hormonal status studies. If any hormonal disorders are detected, a consultation of a gynecologist-endocrinologist is necessary.
Treatment, prevention and prognosis of ectopy
As already mentioned, the uncomplicated form of ectopytreatment does not require. But nevertheless, a dynamic observation is necessary, which will allow timely detection of any deviations in the development of false erosion. Treatment of complicated pseudo-erosion should be carried out taking into account the existing changes. As a rule, etiotropic anti-inflammatory and antiviral therapy is prescribed, the correct selection of a contraceptive is carried out, hormonal and immune disorders are corrected. After these procedures destruction of pseudo-erosion foci by laser coagulation, cryogenic action, chemical coagulation, radiosurgery is carried out. When the cervical cysts are identified, an autopsy is performed. How to prevent the appearance of pseudo-erosion? First, it is recommended to visit your gynecologist as often as possible. The frequency of visits should be at least 2 times a year. Secondly, any sexual infections should be treated immediately. Inflammatory diseases also require urgent treatment. Frequent change of sexual partners can only provoke the appearance of false erosion, try to avoid sexual contact with different men. Treatment of pseudo-erosion is carried out for the following purposes:
- To eliminate the concomitant inflammatory process;
- for the correction of immune and hormonal disorders;
- for correction of vaginal microbiocenosis;
- for the destruction of pathologically altered uterine tissue.
Hospitalization is only indicated ifit is necessary to conduct a biopsy of the cervix. Resume sexual activity after a biopsy can be no earlier than 4 weeks later. Avoid this disease will allow regular visits to the gynecologist with a subsequent examination, the maintenance of a healthy lifestyle, the correct rational diet and a culture of sexual life. Remember that a weakened immune system makes the body vulnerable to all diseases. Therefore, try to use all the necessary vitamins and trace elements, give up harmful habits, limit yourself to drinking alcohol. Be engaged in sex with the checked up man, avoid promiscuous sexual relations. These simple rules will help to avoid many gynecological diseases, including ectopia. Strong to you health.
