Unfortunately, sometimes it happens thatour loved ones become seriously ill and lose the ability to move, spending all their time in a lying position. No matter how hard this event is for you, you will have to come to terms with it and learn the basics of caring for bedridden patients. At first glance, this science is not at all simple, but very soon you will master all the skills of care to perfection. The first aspect that should be paid close attention to is the issue of "bedsores treatment and prevention". In order to get complete information on how to prevent the appearance of bedsores, or cure existing ones, you need to have a good idea of ​​​​what bedsores are and what factors cause their appearance in a sick person. Bedsores are nothing more than necrosis of soft tissues of the human body. Tissue necrosis occurs as a result of a long-term disruption of normal blood supply, and as a consequence, nutritional deficiencies. Such conditions occur if pressure is exerted on the tissues of a sick person for a long time. Bedsores most often form:

• In the region of the ischium.
• In the field of the sacrum and coccyx.
• Slightly less often, however, often enough pressure sores appear on the hips, ribs and the back of the head.

The occurrence of bedsores is fraught with various consequencesconsequences for human health. For example, bedsores are very dangerous because even with the most minimal superficial damage to the skin, internal tissues are damaged, including muscle and bone. Quite large pockets and cavities often form in the affected area, especially if bedsores form in the area of ​​the ischial bones and hip joints. In particularly severe cases, bedsores can even lead to the need to amputate the lower limbs of the sick person. Bedsores no less often lead to the development of inflammatory processes occurring in the periosteum and bone tissue, osteomyelitis and periostitis. As a rule, if the edges of the wound are adjacent to bone tissue, it is likely that the sick person has contact osteomyelitis. At the beginning of the disease, the discharge from the wound surface of the skin is transparent, without any odor or impurities, but as the disease progresses, infection occurs, and pus with a putrid odor appears. All principles of treating bedsores are aimed at only one goal - to relieve the sick person from the existing inflammatory process as quickly as possible, and then achieve complete regeneration of the skin. After curing the sick person, your priority task should be the prevention of bedsores.

Local treatment for bedsores

The first thing you need to start with islocal treatment of bedsores. The affected skin surface must be treated with hydrogen peroxide three times a day and washed with antiseptics, such as furacilin solution. After this, it is necessary to treat the wounds with a hypertonic solution and apply a bactericidal ointment. When performing all types of manipulations with bedsores, ensure sterility. Your hands should be cleanly washed, and your nails should be cut short. All accessories that you will use to care for bedsores must be sterile. You can buy sterile cotton wool, gauze and bandages at the pharmacy. During treatment, you need to give the patient such a position that there is absolutely no load or pressure on the bedsores. If you cannot cope with the treatment of bedsores on your own within one month, you must seek help from surgeons. Further delay can be quite dangerous for the health of the patient. However, when you contact a surgeon, be sure to ask the doctor whether he has experience in plastic surgery for bedsores. As a rule, surgeons at district clinics do not have the necessary experience to treat bedsores by plastic surgery. How does surgical treatment of bedsores occur? The edges of the wound are excised with a scalpel until healthy tissue appears. After this, the wound is closed with skin-muscle or skin flaps, after which the healing process begins. As mentioned above, in no case should you delay seeking medical help, otherwise, to cure serious bedsores, doctors will be forced to resort to amputation of the limbs.

Prophylaxis for the formation of pressure sores

Prevention and treatment of bedsores is necessaryдля сохранения здоровья больного человека. Причем профилактика пролежней зачастую дает гораздо более эффективный результат, чем мучительное и долгое лечение уже образовавшихся пролежней. Для достижения успеха профилактика должна быть регулярной и комплексной. Первое, что вы должны сделать, это составить для больного человека особый рацион. Вам необходимо подобрать те продукты питания, которые содержат достаточное количество питательных веществ, таких как белки, жиры и углеводы, витамины, микро и макроэлементы, минералы. Обязательно следите за питьевым режимом больного человека и его диурезом. Постарайтесь ни в коем случае не допускать появления отеков, так как они в значительной степени повышают риск развития пролежней у лежачего больного. В магазине медицинских принадлежностей вы без труда можете приобрести предметы ухода за лежачими больными. Очень хорошо помогает предотвратить возникновение пролежней так называемый противопролежневый матрас. Все матрасы действуют по принципу противопролежневых систем. В основе действия матраса заложена схема постоянных смен тех точек опоры, на которых лежит больной человек. Достигается подобный эффект за счет того, что происходит регулярное изменение объемов тех отсеков, на которые разделен матрас. Матрас имеет собственные компрессы, которые надувают отсеки матраса в строго определенной последовательности, согласно установленной схеме. Как результат этого, поверхность матраса находится в непрерывном движении, постоянно оказывая массирующее действие на все мягкие ткани лежачего больного, которые соприкасаются с поверхностью матраса. А массаж представляет собой постоянное перераспределение того давления, которое имеется, с одного участка тела на другое, что позволяет сохранять полноценное кровообращение в тканях крови. Таким образом, устраняется главная причина, которая вызывает образование пролежней. Кроме того, врачами был установлен интересный факт – антипролежневый матрас не только помогает предотвратить пролежни, но и эффективно устраняет проблемы со сном, благотворно влияет на общее состояние организма, в частности на нервную систему, циркуляцию крови и снижение мышечного напряжения. Очень многие обыватели считают, что подобные матрасы предназначены для использования только в условиях стационара. Однако это вовсе не так – все виды этих матрасов очень просты в использовании, справиться с их использованием не составит труда даже пожилому человеку. Компрессоры работают абсолютно бесшумно, что позволяет использовать матрас круглосуточно. Кроме того, матрасы против пролежней очень просты в эксплуатации и могут эффективно использоваться, как в больничных условиях, так и дома. Современные модели этих устройств оборудованы бесшумными компрессорами, которые могут работать круглосуточно. Все матрасы изготавливаются из прочного материала, который, к тому же, обладает влагостойкостью. Поверх матраса, как правило, надевается специальный чехол, для повышения уровня гигиены. Подкладной круг для профилактики пролежней, конечно же, не так эффективен, как антипролежневый матрас, однако также может оказать неоценимую помощь при уходе за лежачих больных. Подкладной круг необходимо подкладывать под копчик или ягодицы, меняя его расположение каждые несколько часов. Подкладной круг чаще всего изготавливается из медицинской резины или же латекса, поэтому его легко содержать в чистоте. Примерно аналогичным действием обладает подушка для коляски. Она предназначена для равномерного распределения давления, которое вызывает вес больного человека. Тем самым значительно снижается риск развития пролежней. Подушки выпускаются из различных материалов, однако наиболее часто встречаются гелевые либо латексные. Особое внимание необходимо обратить на состояние постели больного человека. Если вы не используете противопролежневый матрас, следите за тем, чтобы поверхность постели была абсолютно ровной, без каких либо впадин и выпуклостей. То же самое касается и постельного белья. Человек, ухаживающий за лежачим больным, должен тщательно следить за тем, чтобы на простыни не было никаких складок и крошек от пищи – они также зачастую провоцируют начало развития пролежней. Постельное белье должно быть чистым и сухим. Все вышеописанные средства ухода за лежачими больными должны приобретаться после предварительной консультации с врачом, который знает особенности течения заболевания и порекомендует вам оптимальный вариант. Кстати говоря, зачастую в современных больницах имеются все необходимые предметы для ухода за лежачими больными. Поэтому если ваш близкий человек находится на стационарном лечении, не торопитесь все покупать самостоятельно. Сначала поинтересуйтесь у врача, есть ли в отделении в наличии средства гигиены для лежачих больных

Other prophylaxis measures for bedsores

In addition to the use of special devicesThere are general rules of prevention, the observance of which will help to significantly reduce the risk of developing bedsores. However, before using each of them, be sure to consult with your doctor. Perhaps the sick person has some specific disease that can serve as a contraindication to one of the measures for preventing bedsores. However, it is necessary to follow the rules of care for bedridden patients. A simple algorithm for preventing bedsores is described below:

• Turns of a sick person.Try to turn the sick person from back to side at least three to four times a day, for about 30 minutes. Such a measure will allow you to redistribute the load on the tissues for a while, and restore normal blood supply.
• Massage of skin areas.Daily massage of the areas of skin that are subject to pressure will help ensure good blood supply and tissue nutrition. This measure also helps reduce the risk of developing pressure ulcers.
• Airing the skin.Many people neglect the following procedure, and in vain. The sick person must be turned on his side, undressed and left for about 15 minutes, then repeat the same with the other side.
• Maintaining temperature conditions.To prevent bedsores, it is imperative to maintain the optimal temperature regime. Both clothing and bed linen and the air temperature should be such that the skin of a sick person does not sweat. Diaper rash in a sick bedridden person very quickly turns into bedsores.
• Wiping the entire surface of the skin.In addition to hygienic bathing of a sick person, it is necessary to wipe the skin with disinfectants every day. This can be vodka, or camphor alcohol, or even ordinary cologne. Wipe the skin of the sick person, then rub it until red with a dry, clean terry towel. However, be careful when rubbing, make sure that there are no injuries on the skin of the sick person, otherwise the opposite effect may occur.
• Care for the most vulnerable areas of the skininteguments. Twice a day - in the morning and in the evening, it is necessary to wipe with cool boiled water those areas of the skin where the pressure is the strongest. After that, dry with a towel and wipe with camphor alcohol. Remember that care and prevention of bedsores are most important if you want to avoid possible complications.

The initial stage of development of bedsores

In the event that the skin has begun toredness appears, you need to be alert. After all, it is redness that is the beginning of the formation of bedsores. Such places must be treated with special care. In the morning, lubricate these places with a weak solution of potassium permanganate, and in the evening - with an alcohol tincture of calendula. If you have a blue quartz lamp, it will also effectively help prevent further development of diaper rash. If the redness of the skin was not noticed in time and measures to prevent further development of diaper rash were not taken, blisters appear on the skin. Blisters contain a transparent liquid inside. They must be treated as follows: blisters must be generously lubricated with a 1% solution of brilliant green, and a dry bandage must be applied on top. Make sure that its pressure is not too strong. If a purulent wound has formed, Iruksol ointment is very suitable for cleaning it. It is used as follows: form a gauze pad, apply the ointment generously to it and apply it to the wound, securing it with a bandage. The bandage must be changed twice a day. Vishnevsky ointment and Levomekol have a similar, but less rapid effect.

Treatment of bedsores by folk methods

If a sick person has bedsores, treatmentfolk remedies will help improve the condition of a sick person no less effectively than pharmacological agents used in traditional medicine. However, before using this or that recipe, consult a doctor and make sure that the sick person does not have allergic reactions to this or that component of the folk medicine.

Broth inflorescences of chamomile and medicinalclover can significantly accelerate the healing process of pressure sores. To prepare the decoction you need to take dry inflorescences of chemist's chamomile and medical sweet clover in a ratio of one to one. Pour the grass with one liter of water, bring to a boil in a water bath, and then turn off and strain with gauze. With the resulting decoction, wash the wounds, and the herbal mixture that remained in the gauze tissue will come in handy for compresses. Put the gauze cloth in boiling water for about a minute, then allow the water to drain, but do not squeeze it. After the herbal mixture in the gauze slightly cool, attach it to the wound, covering it with a plastic wrap and fixing with a bandage. Such a compress should be left on the wound for about two hours. Continue the course of treatment until the epithelialization of the tissues occurs.

The following recipe very effectively helps inthe very beginning of the disease, when bedsores only - just begin to appear. You will need: herb horsetail - 50 grams; dry inflorescences of chemist's chamomile - 30 grams; the herb of perforated St. John's wort - 40 grams. Stir the mixture, pour 300 ml. boiling water and boil in a water bath for an hour. After that, the broth is poured into a thermos bottle and insisted for 24 hours. After 24 hours, the broth must be filtered and squeezed through gauze. Take the broth twice a day, after meals, half the glass. The course of treatment should not exceed one week.

As has long been known, the bark of oak hasexcellent astringent and disinfectant. These properties allow the use of oak bark for the treatment of a wide variety of wounds, including decubitus. To prepare the decoction of the bark of oak, you need to grind 200 grams of dried raw materials, place the resulting powder in two liters of water and cook over low heat for at least an hour. Allow broth to cool, then carefully strain through gauze. Use the decoction is necessary for lotions on the bedsores sites. To do this, make gauze napkins from a sterile bandage, moisten them and apply to decubituses, changing as they dry up. In a day, it is necessary to conduct approximately three procedures, each of which must last at least one hour. As a rule, significant improvements are observed already on the third day after the beginning of treatment, and complete scarring comes on 10-14 days, depending on the area and depth of skin lesions.

It is no less effective for strong bedsoreshelp the sick person tincture of birch buds. Of course, you can buy dried birch buds in a pharmacy, but if it's early spring, try to collect some raw materials yourself. You will need about 100 grams of dried birch buds, or 50 grams of fresh ones. Pour the kidneys for a minute with steep boiling water, then drain it, replacing the water with ordinary vodka. Transfer the infusion into the glass container, then tightly close the lid and place it in the fridge for a week. After a week, use infusion to lubricate the affected skin, but try to avoid getting a lot of broth in the open and deep wounds. This can cause a sick person strong enough pain. Carry out treatment with this drug is necessary until the patient has a significant improvement in the condition.

In the event that the process has already gone enoughfar away, bedsores have begun to fester and unpleasant to smell, you will come to the aid of the grass of the periwinkle that is inconspicuous at first glance. One spoonful of this dry herb brew like tea in a glass of boiling water, let it brew for one hour. After this, carefully strain the broth with gauze cloth to avoid falling grass blades into the wound. The resulting infusion should be washed with purulent decubitus. Remember that the broth is not allowed to store more than one day, as it loses all its useful properties.

Also for the treatment of purulent wounds of variousorigin, including purulent, in folk medicine very often the root of high elecampane is used. To prepare medicinal infusion it is necessary to crush one tablespoon of the root of elecampane using a knife, pour it with one glass of boiling water and leave to infuse in a warm place for about a day. After this, the infusion should be filtered through gauze, add one tablespoon of natural honey, mix thoroughly. The resulting solution should be washed with purulent decubitus at least twice a day. It is advisable to carry out treatment with this remedy until the wound is fully cleansed of pus. Only then can other means be used to stimulate the healing of pressure sores.

Broth of eucalyptus leaves excellentlylying patient from the beginning bedsores. For its preparation, you need to buy dry leaves of eucalyptus in the pharmacy. Place three teaspoons of eucalyptus leaves in one liter of boiling water, cook for about ten minutes. After that, cover the dishes tightly with a lid, wrap with a dense cloth and leave to infuse for a day. After the day, drain the broth with gauze, and use the resulting decoction to wipe the affected areas. The course of treatment should continue until all signs of decubitus and irritation of the skin are completely gone.

Also for washing the skin is very usefuluse a decoction of an ordinary scallop. Ready raw materials you can buy at almost any drugstore. To prepare a decoction you need 100 grams of herb pinto pour one liter of water, bring to a boil over low heat. Boil the broth for twenty minutes, then cool it. Before use, the broth must also be carefully filtered. It must be applied as follows. Dampen sterile gauze or cotton wool in the broth, carefully wipe the skin, but do not wipe it, but allow to dry spontaneously. The water will evaporate. And an additional protective barrier will be created on the skin that will help prevent the reoccurrence of pressure sores and help to epithelize existing ones.

The next infusion will help cope with bedsoreseven in the most severe cases. For its preparation, you need to mix 20 grams of medicinal sage and chamomile, pour half a liter of hot water in an enamel dish, cover with a lid, wrap it with a towel and insist for three hours. After that, the broth should also be filtered with gauze cloth. Such an infusion can be used as a lotion for already existing bedsores, so it is for the washing of especially vulnerable areas of the skin, on which pressure sores develop most often. The lotions are made as follows. Moisten a napkin in your infusion, put it on the sore. After you notice that the napkin has dried, it must be replaced with another, also richly moistened with infusion. The procedure itself should last at least 60 minutes, once a day for about ten days.

Medicinal wrecker will help to clean the wound frompurulent contents, remove inflammation and swelling. To prepare the infusion, you need to completely crush the whole plant, except for its root system, pour hot water in a ratio of 1 to 5. It must be infused for at least 10 hours. After the mixture is infused, you need to strain it very carefully through gauze, so that in wounds and skin did not fall even the smallest pieces of plant material, which can also cause irritation on the skin and provoke the development of new pressure sores.

If the bedside patient has blisters onskin, quickly get rid of them and prevent further development and aggravation of bedsores will help the common yarrow. For the preparation of the infusion it is necessary to pour a tablespoon of dry raw material with a liter of steep boiling water, to set at room temperature for an hour. After this, the infusion should be carefully filtered using gauze cloth. In the broth, add 20 drops of the medicinal alcohol tincture of marigold, mix thoroughly. You will also need camphor alcohol. Affected areas of the skin should be smeared with camphor alcohol, then apply a gauze cloth soaked with yarrow infusion. Gadgets must be changed as they dry out within one hour. In total this procedure is necessary at least five times a day. A noticeable improvement will come in a few days, and a complete healing of decubituses after about 10 days.

Also an excellent disinfectant and wound-healingmeans a creeping white clover. Get it in pharmacies is not easy, but the effort expended is worth it. Decoction of the heads of white clover can heal the most neglected purulent decubitus. This broth is prepared as follows. Take 10 heads of a white clover and place them in a bag of gauze. One liter of water bring to a boil, then for five minutes, place there a bag of clover heads. After that, turn off the broth, cool. With this decoction, you need to wash the decubitus, then compress using a gauze sac with clover heads. On top of the bag, you need to put a plastic film, and from above, fix it with a bandage. Make sure that the dressing does not press too tightly. The compress should be left overnight. After the second procedure, the wound will clear of pus, after 5 - will begin to heal, by about 10 days, the epithelialization of the skin is almost completely completed.

Effective wound healing effectUlcers have sea buckthorn oil and dog rose oil. However, they can only be used in the initial stages of bedsores, when only redness of the skin is observed. With bedsores in the bubble stage, the oil no longer has the proper effect. Seabuckthorn oil is used as follows. The skin in places of damage is treated with camphor alcohol, then it is abundantly lubricated with sea buckthorn oil using a tampon formed of sterile cotton wool. The oil is left on the skin until it is completely absorbed.

For the prevention of bedsores is not less importantmaintain the general condition of the body in proper condition. Very good increases the body's defenses the following vitamin decoction. For its preparation you will need: fruits of ordinary brown dog-rose - 50 grams; berries cranberries - 50 grams; fruits of common mountain ash - 70 grams; honey lime - three tablespoons. A mixture of berries pour two liters of water, bring to a boil and cook for 15 minutes. After this, remove from heat, add honey and mix thoroughly. After the broth cools down, it is ready for use. Take a decoction of a glass a day, dividing it into two meals.

The leaves of black elderberry perfectly clean the wounds frompus. In the event that a person suffers from purulent decubitus, the folk medicine will help him. Freshly cut elderberry leaves should be thoroughly washed with running water, then scalded with boiling water. Immediately after this, a little chilled, the leaves must be applied to the pressure sores for about 15 minutes. Such procedures should be performed every day until the wound clears from the pus.

In the event that a person suffers from extensiveHeavy pressure sores can be helped by the following recipe. For its preparation, you will need leaves of arboreal aloe, sea buckthorn oil and any natural honey. Remember that for the preparation of this remedy, the leaves of aloe must first be kept in the refrigerator for a week. Use leaves can only be from a plant not younger than three years. Leaves of aloe must be passed through a meat grinder, then mix them with honey and 100 grams of sea-buckthorn oil. Mix the whole mixture thoroughly, transfer it to a glass container, and then place it in the refrigerator for three days. After this, it is necessary to proceed as follows. Affected tissues should be thoroughly washed with a solution of furatsilina, and then apply gauze wipes, which must be very richly applied to the resulting ointment. Napkins should be left on bedsores for at least two hours. The procedure should be repeated twice a day, until the bedsores are completely healed.

If a sick person has bedsores, folk remediesfunds can provide effective assistance. However, in no case should you refuse the supervision of medical workers, because only a doctor can adequately assess the condition of a bedridden patient and notice a possible deterioration in the condition in time. We recommend reading:

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