All of us conduct internal dialogues with ourselves, as inknown song: "Quietly with myself, quietly with myself, I'm talking." And such "conversations" with none of the surrounding people are not surprising, because no one hears them. But sometimes you have to deal with someone who is very enthusiastic talking to an invisible interlocutor out loud. It is obvious that such a person does not even understand that he is not just thinking about a serious question, like all of us are doing, "talking" with ourselves in the mind, namely, he is conducting a dialogue, answering the words that, it seems to him, emanate from the outside. Why do people talk to themselves and why they do not notice that they really do not have any interlocutor?

Talking to oneself is a sign of psychosis

When a person talks to himself, notwaiting for an answer, this may be an early symptom of schizophrenia. Of course, if he mumbles something under his breath for only a day or two, then this is not necessarily a sign of pathology. But if someone laughs for no reason, or if he talks out loud for a fairly long period, and all this along with other behavioral abnormalities - such as hallucinations, social isolation, emotional disorders, strange behavior - then this person , no doubt, needs urgent consultation of a psychiatrist. The most characteristic manifestation of psychosis is the presence of hallucinations. Hallucination is a false perception of reality in any of the five sensory modalities, when the external stimulus does not really exist, but people who are hallucinated, see, hear, or feel a non-existent object. Hallucinations can occur in the twilight state between sleep and awakening, delirium, white fever, or exhaustion; they can also be triggered by hypnosis. Most often hallucinations are just visual. Persistent hallucinations are characteristic of schizophrenia. In one of the types of this disease, sick people believe that they hear the accusing team voice, to which they react in complete panic, with full obedience or with an attempt at self-defense or even suicide. Somewhat different from hallucinations of illusion - if hallucinations occur without any stimulus from outside, then illusions are characterized by a false perception of the actual stimulus. Schizophrenia is a serious mental illness characterized by a variety of symptoms. Among them, we can mention the loss of contact with reality, the already mentioned above strange behavior, unorganized thinking and speech, a decrease in emotional expressiveness and social isolation. Usually one patient does not have all, but only some of the symptoms, and in each person the combination of these symptoms can be individual. The very term "schizophrenia" comes from the Greek words "schizo" (which means "splits") and "freno" ("mind, soul"), and it can be translated as a "division of the soul." However, contrary to the widely held view, schizophrenia can not be attributed to a person with a split personality or with a multiple personality syndrome.

What is the difference between schizophrenia and split personality?

Often schizophrenia and a split personality are confused, andsome people believe that this is the same thing. In fact, these are two completely different diseases. Schizophrenia is a disorder of the functioning of the brain; some people are already born with such a disorder, because it can be inherited. But the symptoms of the disease usually do not develop for many years. In men, symptoms begin to appear in late adolescence or at the age of twenty; for women is characterized by the manifestation of symptoms between twenty and thirty years. It happens, of course, that the symptoms of schizophrenia appear in childhood, but this happens very rarely. When a person suffers from schizophrenia, he experiences hallucinations and delirium, sees things that do not exist, talks to someone whom he sees quite clearly, believes in things that in no way correspond to reality. For example, he can see demons who sit down with him at the table during dinner; or can sincerely believe that he is God's son. People with these disorders also suffer from disordered thinking, reduced concentration and focus problems. They also lose the ability to take the initiative and make and implement some plans. As a rule, such people can not be socially adapted. Often a person with schizophrenia believes that the voices he hears exist to control him or cause harm. He probably gets very scared when he hears them. He can sit for hours without moving and talking, talking ... A sane person, watching a sick schizophrenic, will not catch a drop of meaning in his speech. Some people with this disorder look quite adequate; but this is only so long as they do not begin to speak, and more often than not - to talk to themselves. Still schizophrenia is marked by awkward, uncoordinated movements and inability to take care of themselves in sufficient measure. The main difference between schizophrenia and split personality is that the last violation is not congenital. This mental state is caused by certain events that occur in a person's life, and they are associated, as a rule, with some psychological trauma received in childhood. This can be, for example, physical or sexual violence. People with this disease seem to develop additional personalities, as a way to cope with a traumatic event. In order to diagnose a split personality, a person must have at least one alternative personality, which significantly controls his behavior. A total of one patient can develop up to a hundred personalities, but on average their number is ten. It can be "additional" personalities of the same sex, the other sex or both sexes at the same time. Sometimes different personalities of the same person even accept different physical characteristics, such as a certain mode of movement or a different level of health and endurance. But depression and attempts at self-mutilation can become common for all facets of the personality of the same person. There are several symptoms that are the same for schizophrenia and for a split personality. Patients with schizophrenia may have hallucinations; while people with a split personality do not always experience them, yet about a third of patients are hallucinating too. Split personality can cause behavioral problems and difficulty concentrating while studying at a young age; it can confuse professionals who sometimes confuse such a disorder with schizophrenia, as it develops and manifests itself also most often in adolescence. As you can see, if a person speaks aloud with an invisible interlocutor, this may be a sign of a very serious condition. Therefore, you must do everything possible so that a person close to you as soon as possible receives the necessary help - otherwise he can cause irreparable harm! We advise you to read:

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