In almost all European countriesthere is a law aimed at supporting mothers with many children. Russia is no exception. In recent years, the rights of mothers with many children have expanded significantly, payments for children have increased, and there are more benefits. It would seem that families with many children should feel quite protected, but everything is not as simple as it might seem at first glance. There is a law (or rather, laws), but the mechanism of its action is not written in the best way, which leads to a number of problems. And often, in order to receive benefits, mothers with many children have to knock on the doors of government officials' offices. Why is this happening? Why does the law not work, and if it does, then with great difficulty? We will try to at least partially understand the situation and answer mothers with many children, single mothers, the most pressing questions that worry them. Let's start with who the law considers a mother with many children. Federal law states that such a woman is one who has three or more children (under 18 years of age) in her care. In addition to federal laws, each subject of the Russian Federation has developed its own programs aimed at supporting large families living in a particular region (republic, territory, region). Assistance to such families is provided in various areas. We have tried to organize the main benefits and payments that mothers with many children, including single mothers raising three or more children, can count on.
Privileges for payment of services in the sphere of housing and communal services, communications, transport
Today, tariffs for housing and communal servicesfarms, which are already expensive, are growing with enviable consistency. And, of course, those benefits, compensations and payments to which large families have every right play a very important role in the family budget. Thus, when paying for utilities, families with three children receive a 30% discount. If the family has four to six children, the discount will be 50%, and if there are seven or more children, the family is exempt from paying completely. In addition, large families receive a 50% discount on telephone services. Parents with five or more children receive monthly payments to compensate for the cost of travel on public transport. Today, mothers with many children have a whole list of benefits. Mothers with many children receive a monthly allowance for the period of maternity leave until the child reaches the age of one and a half years (Federal Law "On State Benefits to Citizens with Children" dated May 19, 1995). The amount of benefits for mothers with many children is determined on the basis of the minimum wage established by Federal Law, regardless of the number of children.
Benefits for retirement
Federal Law "On Labor Pensions inThe Russian Federation, effective from January 1, 2002, provides the following: women who have given birth to five or more children and raised them to 8 years of age have the right to receive a pension upon reaching 50 years of age, provided they have 15 years of insurance experience. If there is no experience, an old-age pension is assigned on a general basis. For women from rural areas who have given birth to five or more children and raised them to 8 years of age, the law provides for retirement at 50 years of age without any reservations.
What rights does a large family have?
The list of rights of a large family is quite extensive, but, unfortunately, these rights do not always have real content. So, the law states that a large family has the right to count on:
- free meals for children who go to school
- free prescription drugs
- free tutorials
- free education in art schools
- free visit to zoos
- free travel in public transport (except for taxis and minibuses)
In addition, large families have the right tofree receipt of a land plot, as well as significant compensation payments from the state during housing construction. We have listed the most basic rights of large families, in fact, there are many more. But, as numerous examples show, in practice, these rights are very difficult to implement. Local officials in most cases simply sabotage the fulfillment of the requirements put forward by law. No, they are unlikely to refuse directly, but receiving preferences from the state, the rights to which are enshrined in law, will be surrounded by so many bureaucratic obstacles that it will take a lot of time. But does a mother of many children, who has a large family on her shoulders, have this time? And what about single mothers raising three or more children? It is especially difficult to satisfy your right to receive a land plot. As a rule, officials claim that there are no free plots. Here, corruption schemes have been worked out a long time ago, local authorities earn their capital on the land trade. The imperfect mechanism of the best laws makes them unviable.
Payments to large families
What benefits can large families expect?families - this question is often asked by parents raising three or more children. Firstly, large families receive monthly cash payments from the state for each child. Secondly, they also have the right to receive a payment for the purchase of a school uniform (once a year). If there are more than ten children in the family, they are also entitled to payments timed to certain holidays. In addition, mothers of such families will receive additional payments upon retirement.
How to solve the demographic problem and can this be done?
The question is, of course, interesting, you can ask it,but we realize that in the current situation in the country, it sounds rhetorical. Meanwhile, the birth rate problem has now reached such proportions that it is time to talk about a threat to national security. After all, in essence, we are no longer talking about population growth, but at least about reproduction. However, what kind of reproduction can we talk about if the overwhelming majority of families have one child, two is already too many. Those who decide to become parents of many children are offensively few. According to statistics, which, as we know, everyone knows, families with many children make up a pitiful 3 percent of the total number of families with minor children. In other words, families with many children are currently unpopular. Why is this happening? Life is not easy today. Many do not want to have children for ideological reasons. A movement under the slogan "Childe free" is growing in the world. That is, married couples, as a rule, well-educated, with prestigious, well-paid jobs, make a very conscious decision not to have children at all. Never. It is frightening. But on the other hand, it is their choice, they have the right to it, and no one can force them to act differently. But the trend is undoubtedly frightening. In Russia, too, such couples are emerging. They believe that the birth of even one child infringes on their own rights and worsens their financial situation. Those who are not so radical limit themselves to one child, “not wanting to breed poverty.” These are the very considerations that guide many Russians. How can the situation be reversed? What needs to be done so that public consciousness moves away from the stereotype that many children are born mainly in asocial families that do not care about their future, about their children receiving a decent education? Probably, a lot depends on the state here. It must ensure that any law aimed at helping large families works, and does not remain just beautiful words on paper. The mechanism of its action must be such as to minimize the ordeals of large families who want to receive their benefits and payments guaranteed by federal law. Such actions by the state will undoubtedly play a positive role. Society must understand that a large family is important not only in terms of changing the demographic situation in the country. A large family forms and educates a more harmonious personality than a family raising one child. Children from large families adapt more easily to any social environment, they have a more stable psyche, they are more sociable. In short, it is necessary not only to help such families overcome material problems by adding new cash payments. The main thing is to help parents with many children realize the main functions of the family - raising real citizens, without whom no country has a future. We recommend reading:
