Toothache is perhaps the most painful typepain that people experience. Surely, each of us has encountered it at least once in our lives. There are a huge number of folk remedies for toothache, however, the only truly effective remedy is a visit to the dentist. Unfortunately, it is not always possible to save a tooth. For example, wisdom tooth extraction has become the most common operation. Yes, yes, an operation - after all, when a tooth is extracted, a real surgical intervention occurs. Of course, doctors will try to save a sick tooth until the last minute, because tooth extraction causes considerable complications. For example, even the absence of one tooth significantly worsens the quality of mechanical processing of food in the mouth. Such a phenomenon leads to the occurrence of a variety of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract - from gastritis to ulcers and colitis. In the same case, if the front teeth are extracted, a person's appearance significantly worsens, correct articulation is disrupted, which almost always leads to the occurrence of severe complexes. And often complications after tooth extraction significantly complicate the life of both the sick person and the doctor. However, despite all this, sometimes it is impossible to save a tooth and it has to be removed. There are a number of indications for tooth extraction, such as:

• The presence of granulomatosis in a sick person,granulating periodontitis, often expressed in a chronic form. However, the decision to extract a tooth is made only if the patient has severely curved and impassable root canals.
• The presence of purulent periodontitis in a sick person.However, even with this disease, the decision to remove a tooth is made only if the doctor cannot drain pus from the periodontium, since the tooth has either impassable or extremely curved root canals.
• The presence of such a disease in a sick person,such as odontogenic osteomyelitis of the jaw. If you are faced with such a serious disease, be prepared for the fact that the tooth will be removed immediately, without the slightest delay. It is possible to eliminate the presence of foci of pathogenic bacteria, as well as toxic products of their vital activity and tissue decay, only by removing the diseased tooth. Such a measure allows you to strictly limit the course of the inflammatory infectious process, and also leads to its attenuation.
• Also, the removal of the tooth is simply necessary in the event that there is a pathological process in the area of ​​wisdom teeth on the lower jaw.
• The presence of a sick person's teeth, which provoke a chronic inflammation of the maxillary sinuses, as well as neuralgia of the trigeminal nerve.
• The presence of a person significantly advanced fromtooth socket, with significant exposure of the roots. Such teeth often greatly interfere with the normal chewing process, injure the soft tissues of the oral mucosa, and, in addition, make prosthetics impossible without their preliminary removal.
• The patient has superfluous and atypically located teeth, which worsen the bite of a person and can also injure his mucous membrane of the oral cavity.
• The presence of teeth in a sick personthoroughly destroyed dental crowns, or simply put, roots. However, roots do not always need to be removed, but only if the tooth is a chronic source of infection and cannot be used in prosthetics as a support.
• The presence of a patient's teeth that are in the region of the jaw fracture and not subject to reposition fragments, but only being a potential conductor of the infection.
• The presence of a multi-root tooth, which the dentist tried repeatedly, but failed to cure, but the treatment was constantly complicated by the onset of acute periodontal inflammation.
• The presence of a single person in the patient's teeth, which interfere with the correct fixation of a removable prosthesis.

Effects of tooth extraction

In some cases, after examining youroral cavity and teeth, the doctor can offer you several alternative treatment options. Most often, of course, tooth extraction is one of the cheapest treatment options. However, you should never forget that the prosthetics that you will need in the future will cost much more than treating a tooth now. Often, the extraction of just one tooth leads to a violation of the entire dental row - the teeth adjacent to the extracted one begin to shift significantly. As a result, a person begins to experience significant difficulties with the chewing process, jaw joints. Also, the adjacent teeth that have shifted very quickly will begin to undergo deformation and destruction, which will become another headache for you. It is not for nothing that even if there is no way to save the tooth, the doctor will definitely recommend that the sick person replace the extracted teeth as soon as possible. And again, when deciding to extract a tooth that can still be cured, remember that replacing a tooth is much more expensive than treating it.

Dental examination

In order to make a decision about deletiontooth, the doctor will need to perform a thorough examination of your mouth. Part of this examination will include an x-ray of the problem tooth. With this image, your doctor will be able to assess the condition of the inside of the tooth, its root, and the bone around the root. Depending on the complexity of the upcoming extraction, he will either offer to perform the operation in person or recommend that you see a surgeon. Before extracting the tooth, the doctor will conduct a thorough examination and ask you a series of questions that will help him obtain the information he needs to successfully perform the operation. As a rule, the doctor will definitely ask you about:

• All your previous visits to the dentist, treatment, removal of teeth, if any, features the course of the gum healing process.
• About the general state of health.
• On individual intolerance of individual drugs.
• About what you are taking medicine. This information is very important for the doctor, because the most common medications, such as aspirin, can significantly reduce blood coagulability, other drugs - to increase blood pressure. All this can cause bleeding after tooth extraction.
• If you are taking contraceptives,be sure to tell the doctor about it - women who take hormonal contraceptive drugs, are much more likely to form so-called "dry holes."

Preparing for tooth extraction

There are two opposites among peopleopinions on the question of whether it is necessary to take antibiotics before tooth extraction. Some argue that taking antibiotics is simply necessary, otherwise inflammation after tooth extraction is possible. The other side argues that taking antibiotics does not bring anything except an excessive burden on the liver and kidneys. In fact, the question of taking antibiotics should be decided by the doctor on an individual basis in each specific case. As a rule, preliminary antibiotics before tooth extraction are prescribed if the doctor has detected a large volume of infection. If the doctor has prescribed antibiotics for you, strictly adhere to the regimen. Otherwise, antibiotics will not only be useless, but even harmful to your body. If you notice strange reactions in your body while taking antibiotics, such as shortness of breath or a rash on your body, stop taking the medication immediately and tell your doctor about it. So, the decision to remove a tooth has been made. It is completely natural that you will feel anxious and afraid of this procedure. Most often, the cause of fear is, first of all, ignorance. Below is a detailed description of the tooth extraction procedure. Before the doctor starts directly extracting the tooth, he will definitely perform local anesthesia - pain relief of the gums and nerves of the tooth by injecting an anesthetic. Before giving an injection, most doctors prefer to reduce pain by treating the injection site with lidocaine spray, which significantly reduces the sensitivity of the gums, reducing the pain from the injection to a possible minimum. After this, the doctor will ask you to wait for some time until the anesthetic starts to work. After some time, you will feel how the sensitivity in the injection area decreases. The doctor usually begins extracting the tooth about 10 minutes after the injection. Recently, large clinics have increasingly practiced tooth extraction under general anesthesia. The pharmacological drug used for general anesthesia does not cause any harm to the human body. Most often, doctors offer tooth extraction using general anesthesia in the following cases:

• Panic, uncontrollable fear of the patient beforedental office. Such people can manipulate the dentist uncontrollably clench their teeth and stuff, which greatly complicates the effective effective work of the dentist. Removal of the tooth with the application of general anesthesia not only facilitates the work of the doctor, but also helps the sick person to avoid additional stressful situations.
• The patient has an increased emetic reflex. The fact that a doctor who is armed with various instruments is trying to climb into his mouth does not like almost anyone. However, quite often there are people who have developed a vomitive reflex to a great extent, and such manipulations cause severe attacks of vomiting. In this case, it is most expedient, if there is such an opportunity, to carry out the extraction of the teeth just under general anesthesia.
• In the event that a sick person suffers fromallergic reactions to standard local anesthetics. Such people are forced to endure all the painful sensations that arise during the removal of the tooth, since local anesthesia is strictly contraindicated. Such a situation can lead even to the emergence of a real pain shock. And general anesthesia never causes allergic reactions, so it is successfully used in allergic patients.

The main thing to remember if yousuggested tooth extraction under general anesthesia, this is that in order to carry out such a procedure, the medical institution must have its own corresponding license, as well as a doctor - anesthesiologist. It is unacceptable for a dentist to calculate the dose and monitor the condition of a sick person during anesthesia.

The process of tooth extraction

You must be prepared for the fact that duringtooth extraction, you will feel a very strong feeling of pressure, as the doctor will apply force. The root of the tooth is very tightly located in the bone socket. In order to extract the tooth, the doctor must significantly widen the tooth socket. Due to the fact that the jaw bone has the ability to significantly compress, the doctor widens the socket by shaking the tooth back and forth. It is because of these actions that the patient feels a significant feeling of pressure. However, you should not strain yourself and expect that this feeling will be followed by a feeling of pain. This happens because in the human body there is a huge number of different types of nerve fibers and endings that are responsible for various sensations. The anesthesia that is used for pain relief in dentistry blocks those nerve endings that are responsible for pain, but has almost no effect on the nerve endings responsible for the feeling of pressure. This is why it is necessary to repeat once again - during tooth extraction under anesthesia, you will not feel pain, but only a feeling of pressure. If, however, you suddenly feel pain, which is very unlikely, immediately let your doctor know. The doctor will inject an additional amount of anesthetic into the area of ​​the tooth extraction, which completely blocks the nerve endings. It is also necessary to remember that taking analgesic drugs, such as "ketones" or "baralgin", which a sick person often takes to relieve tooth pain, can reduce the effect of anesthesia. Try to avoid taking these drugs for at least 12 hours before tooth extraction. If you did take them, be sure to inform your doctor about it.

Difficult tooth extraction

In some cases, it is possible to extract it in the usual waytooth from the socket. Most often, this happens if the roots of the tooth have a too complex shape - curved or crooked. In such cases, doctors decide to remove the tooth in fragments. The essence of the method is as follows: the tooth is excised into fragments with special instruments, which the doctor then extracts using special forceps for removing teeth. Many sick people, having heard that they are shown exactly this kind of tooth extraction, are extremely scared. However, there is no need to be afraid of this - the procedure is completely painless and allows you to remove the tooth much easier and faster, and also allows you to avoid complications after tooth extraction.

First day after tooth extraction

Once the tooth extraction is complete,The doctor will definitely examine the socket to make sure that there are no tooth fragments or dental plaque left there. A cotton swab will be placed in the socket, which you need to hold tightly and hold for about an hour. The doctor will also tell you what you should not do after tooth extraction, and what, on the contrary, is necessary in order to reduce the risk of postoperative complications to a possible minimum. General recommendations are described below, but be sure to print them out and show them to your doctor - perhaps he will add something else, depending on your specific situation.

Bleeding from the tooth socket immediately aftertooth extraction. Normally, bleeding stops about a half hour after removal. As already mentioned above, the doctor will put a cotton swab on the socket, which you will need to tighten firmly and leave for about an hour. However, sometimes bleeding can continue for several hours. In this case, you will need a sterile bandage - with cleanly washed hands, cut a small piece, form a tampon of the required size from it and repeat the procedure. If bleeding can not be stopped after two to three hours, you need to urgently seek medical help.

Formation of a blood clot in the socket of the removed tooth. Clot after tooth extraction is simply essential for successful healing of the wound. That is why in the first day you must follow a number of rules to prevent the destruction and removal of the blood clot:

• In no case it is impossible to rinse your mouth in the first day after removal and even just spit out saliva.
• The use of a hot liquid - tea, coffee or soups - also often leads to the dissolution of a blood clot. Try to avoid eating them.
• Smoking also often leads to a shiftblood clot. A similar effect is observed when drinking drinks through a straw. This is explained by the fact that when smoking and drinking, a vacuum forms in the mouth, which causes this very shift of the blood clot.
• Rinse after tooth extraction.Very often, from relatives and friends, the person to whom the tooth has been removed, hears advice about the need to rinse the mouth. Be sure to discuss this issue with your doctor, however, the first day after tooth extraction, rinsing is strictly prohibited, in order to avoid damage to the blood clot.
• Edema after tooth extraction.Have you swollen your cheek after tooth extraction? This sometimes happens. As a rule, the more difficult the removal, the higher the probability of edema of nearby soft tissues. In order to remove this tumor, doctors recommend applying to the cheek from the side of the removed tooth. Ice should be applied every hour for about 10 minutes. Continue the procedure until the edema disappears completely. However, in no case do not apply ice to the gums - this can lead to the entry into the wound of pathogenic microorganisms and, as a consequence, the development of infectious inflammation.
• Smoking.Smokers are much more likely than non-smokers to face various complications, such as temperature after tooth extraction, inflammation of the socket and others. If you can, try to refrain from smoking at least for a day, or even two.
• Anesthetics.As a rule, after removal of the tooth, the sick person does not experience particularly strong pain. The pain experienced by the patient is tolerable enough and can be easily suppressed by taking pain medications. However, always check with your doctor which medicine you can take. Be sure to read the instructions that are attached to the medicine. If you have any doubts, be sure to talk about them with your doctor. Remember that the reception of pain relievers is desirable to combine with food intake. This must be done in order to minimize the negative effect of the drug on the stomach. When taking painkillers, often a sick person is distracted by attention, drowsiness. Especially neat with taking these drugs should be people who drive a vehicle, or work with dangerous mechanisms.
• Antibiotics after tooth extraction.No less important is the question, such as the remedy after tooth extraction. As already mentioned above, often a few days before the expected date of tooth extraction, the doctor appoints a sick person to drink a course of antibiotics. Do not stop taking antibiotics immediately after tooth extraction - this can lead to a worsening of the condition, as well as to producing immunity to this type of antibiotic in pathogenic microflora, which will make its use meaningless the next time.
• Restriction of motor activity.After removal, especially if there was a complicated tooth extraction, to prevent possible bleeding and stimulate the normal formation of a blood clot, the sick person should observe certain limitations of motor activity. So, for example, it is necessary to refrain from playing sports and hard physical work. During sleep it is necessary to put an additional pillow under the head, in order to make the head higher. This will also help to avoid the additional risk of damage to the blood clot.
• Food.In the event that the removal of the tooth was not complicated by anything, there are practically no special restrictions in the diet. The only thing that you should pay attention to is that the food is chewed on the opposite side from the removal. However, in the event that the removal of the wisdom tooth complications did give, the doctor will certainly advise you to follow a diet of liquid and soft foods. As already mentioned above, it is necessary to exclude from the diet all hot drinks, which often lead to the destruction of the blood clot and the disruption of the normal healing process.
• Teeth cleaning.At a time when healing occurs after tooth extraction, it is extremely important to maintain oral hygiene. Very many people after tooth extraction prefer a few days not to brush their teeth at all. However, this leads to the propagation of pathogenic microflora in the oral cavity and can cause inflammation of the well. Brushing is simply necessary, but in the first week, you need to replace your brush with a soft toothbrush. Do not use any rinse mouth.
• Treatment after tooth extraction. If a sick person has painful teeth in the oral cavity that require treatment, he, of course, will be concerned with the question of when, after removal, one can begin to treat them. As a rule, dentists recommend waiting about a week. However, always ask this question to your doctor.

Complications after tooth extraction

Unfortunately, even the most competent andProfessional tooth extraction does not give you any guarantee that there will be no complications. Below are the main complications that are most common after tooth extraction:

• Suturing

In the event that the removal was very difficult andthe gum is significantly damaged, the doctor may decide to put a stitch on the gum. As a rule, in most cases, stitches are put using dissolving threads. But at the same time, non-dissolving threads can be used for stitching. Stitches put with such threads must be removed. However, there is no need to be afraid of this - the procedure is very quick and completely painless.

• Alveolitis after tooth extraction

If your gums hurt after tooth extraction,Be sure to see a doctor as soon as possible, you may have encountered the so-called "dry socket" syndrome. This syndrome occurs when a blood clot is damaged by external factors or has not formed at all. The presence of a blood clot is a prerequisite for the normal healing process and, as a result, the absence of this clot leads to the occurrence of various complications. Most often, alveolitis occurs after complex tooth extractions, during which there is significant trauma to the jaw bone and gum tissue. For example, very often pain after wisdom tooth extraction is caused by "dry socket" syndrome. This is explained by the fact that most often the wisdom tooth is significantly immersed in the bone. And in order to remove it, the doctor has to significantly traumatize the bone and gum. Also, alveolitis often complicates the removal of the tooth root. Strictly following the recommendations that your doctor gives you, as well as maintaining oral hygiene, will allow you to reduce the risk of developing "dry socket" syndrome to almost a minimum. Also remember that women taking contraceptives and smokers have a significantly higher risk of developing alveolitis, so they should be especially careful and attentive to their health. As already mentioned, the removal of a wisdom tooth can have consequences in the form of alveolitis, but the removal of other teeth is also often complicated by dry socket syndrome. The main symptoms of alveolitis are:

• Blunt pain

Appearance in about three to four daysdull pain at the site of tooth extraction, which gradually intensifies. Most often, attacks of pain cannot be relieved with the help of ordinary painkillers. Almost always, sick people complain that the pain spreads towards the auricle.

• Unpleasant odor

There is an unpleasant smell in the mouth aftertooth extraction. Also, sick people often note the presence of an unpleasant taste. Very often sick people ask the question - how long does a tooth hurt after extraction? Normally, the pain disappears within 24 hours. If after this period the toothache continues, you should immediately contact the dentist. The dentist will examine you carefully, after which he will begin treatment of alveolitis. In no case should you hesitate to contact the doctor with such problems - the formation of "dry socket" is quite common, and doctors know well how to cope with this formidable complication after tooth extraction. Treatment of "dry socket" syndrome is as follows: the doctor applies a special bandage to the gum at the extraction site, which is soaked in a special composition that disinfects the wound, relieves pain and accelerates the wound healing process. The wound hole will completely heal in about a month. Over time, this hole will gradually fill with bone tissue.

Extraction of teeth in children and pregnant women

It is especially worth talking about tooth extraction duringpregnancy. Sometimes the need for tooth extraction arises unexpectedly, for example, if a pregnant woman experiences severe pain during the eruption of a wisdom tooth, or if she has other serious indications for tooth extraction. What to do in this case? Continue to suffer from the pain, or still decide to have the tooth extracted? What to do in each specific case should be decided by a surgeon - dentist. Of course, pregnancy is a contraindication to tooth extraction, but this contraindication cannot be considered absolute. A pregnant woman must visit a dentist every three months, who will conduct a preventive examination of the oral cavity, and also give the necessary recommendations for dental care. However, if a pregnant woman has a toothache, she should immediately and unscheduledly contact a dentist. If the term is short and the pregnancy is not yet noticeable, be sure to inform your attending physician - dentist about it. Any surgical intervention in the body is a strong stress for it. And for a woman's body, tooth extraction is much more stressful than for an ordinary person. That is why all planned extractions are carried out before or after pregnancy, and during pregnancy – only for emergency indications. For pregnant women, pharmacologists have developed special anesthetics that do not penetrate the placental barrier, and, accordingly, do not cause the slightest harm to the health of the fetus. Extraction of baby teeth in children also has a number of its own characteristics. The dentist must approach the decision to extract a baby tooth with special responsibility, since this can entail a number of violations, such as unintentional violation of the integrity of the rudiments of permanent teeth, as well as the formation of an incorrect bite in the child. That is why baby teeth are extracted only for the following indications:

• The child has a very strongly movable tooth, and the root has already resorbed by more than 50%.
• The presence of a tooth in the crumb with a significant violation of the roots.
• The presence of a child's teeth with complicated forms of caries, which are practically not amenable to treatment.
• Also, the removal of the milk tooth is indicated in the event that it interferes with the normal eruption of the permanent tooth.
• In the event that the child has sustained a serious trauma of a milk tooth.

The process of removing baby teeth also hasa number of their own characteristics that differ from those of an adult. Milk teeth have very pronounced divergence of the roots, and the alveoli have extremely thin walls. That is why special pliers designed specifically for children are used to remove milk teeth. They are designed in such a way that the dentist will not be able to advance them to a significant depth and fix them too tightly, which eliminates the possibility of accidental damage to the thin walls of milk teeth. Remember that proper oral hygiene significantly reduces the risk of developing all sorts of complications from the dental system. And preventing a disease is always much more effective than its subsequent treatment. We recommend reading:

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