One of the most commonexpressions - "nerve cells do not regenerate." And it did not arise out of nowhere - the nervous system plays a huge, one might even say, leading role in the functioning of the body. It is the nervous system that is responsible for the work of all organs and systems, from the beating of the heart to the growth of nails and hair. Of course, the role of all other internal organs cannot be underestimated. But do not forget that no organ will function independently. It is the nervous system that is a kind of connecting link and transmits impulses to the brain. But, unfortunately, the nervous system, under the influence of any unfavorable factors, can also fail to work. Doctors often face such a problem as nervous disorders. From all of the above, it is easy to guess that diseases of the nervous system will inevitably entail a disruption in the normal functioning of all other internal organs. Moreover, these diseases can be very different. Nowadays, life never ceases to present surprises - both pleasant and sometimes not so. In a word, the nervous system does not have time to “get bored” – constant emotional stress, various stresses, chronic fatigue syndromes. Many people complain of “shaken nerves”. And as a logical continuation – complaints of causeless anxiety, irritability, decreased performance, pains of an incomprehensible nature, neuroses, and sometimes even nervous breakdowns. This is what we will talk about in today's conversation. We will find out which nervous disorders are most common. And, of course, how to deal with them. Are you ready?
Neuroses. Myth or reality?
According to statistics from neurologists, the leadingAmong all the disorders of the nervous system, all kinds of neuroses occupy a position. Doctors define neurosis as a psychoneurological disease that is a direct consequence of a disorder of the nervous system. There are several types of this disorder. Despite the fact that the general signs are similar, they manifest themselves in different ways. Therefore, doctors distinguish three main types:
- Neurasthenia
Neurasthenia is a general depressionfunctioning of the nervous system. The cause of such a disorder can be prolonged stress or psychological trauma. This disorder in most cases manifests itself in increased nervous excitability - irritability, and sometimes even increased aggressiveness, severe fatigue, insomnia, tachycardia, weight loss or gain. This condition very often remains without due attention. After all, if you judge, such signs can be found in a good half of the population. In some cases, the disorder goes away on its own, without outside intervention. However, you should not hope for this - progression of the disease is also possible. And the complications can be most unpredictable.
- Obsessions
Another common type of neurosis isthese are obsessive states. This form of neurasthenia is always preceded by prolonged depression. A sick person is constantly haunted by some disturbing thought or fear. But in no case should this be confused with delusional states - with obsessive ideas, unlike delirium, a person is perfectly aware that all fears and concerns are absurd and groundless. And constant nervous tension only aggravates the situation, worsening the condition of a sick person. By the way, phobias widely known to society are nothing more than obsessive states. Therefore, it is still a big question who you should hurry to if you have this or that phobia - a psychologist or a neurologist. Moreover, obsessive states also include such bad habits as nail biting, for example. Of course, individual weakly expressed elements of obsessive states can also be observed in a healthy person, but it is still worth paying attention to them.
- Hysteria
This type of neurosis is very specific.The behavior of a sick person is impulsive - he is egocentric, very suggestible. When observing such patients, doctors very quickly notice that the person's main goal is to play to the audience. Pretending to faint or throw a tantrum is a favorite thing. Previously, such behavior was considered a sign of bad upbringing, but doctors have proven that this is reliable evidence of serious problems with the nervous system. Such a condition can be accompanied by such phenomena as loss of appetite, nausea and vomiting, pathological weight changes, disruption of the normal functioning of the cardiovascular system. And even an apparently causeless increase in body temperature, although insignificant - 37.3 - 37.5 degrees.
Vegetosovascular dystonia
When talking about problems with the nervous system, one cannotnot to mention such a widespread disease as vegetative-vascular dystonia. This diagnosis is present in about half of all people. And why only half? Because the other half has not been examined by doctors. The humor is, of course, black. But doctors say that this joke is not far from the truth. Vegetative-vascular dystonia is nothing more than a disorder of the nervous system. Such a disorder is characterized by a number of symptoms, which will be discussed below. The constancy of the internal environment of the body depends on the correct functioning of the autonomic nervous system. It controls such indicators as:
- Body temperature
- Heart rate
- Arterial pressure
- Metabolism
And therefore, because of this, vegetative-vascular dystoniamanifests itself with symptoms inherent in a number of different diseases - cardiological, neurological, psychological. Very often, in order to diagnose this disease, doctors have to spend a lot of time on a full examination. So, it's time to talk about the most important symptoms of vegetative-vascular dystonia:
- Violation of the cardiovascular system
A person may complain of systematicfluctuations in blood pressure both up and down. Heart rhythm often suffers - tachycardia, bradycardia, pain in the heart area is noted.
- Disturbance of breathing
A person may also experience attacks of suffocation,chest compression, difficulty breathing, or, on the contrary, increased breathing. All these symptoms can be expressed quite strongly, especially during physical exertion. But during physical exertion these symptoms can intensify.
- Faults in the digestive tract
Gastrointestinal disorders may manifest as nausea, vomiting, and complete loss of appetite. In addition, flatulence, belching, and heartburn often occur.
- Violation of the temperature regime
Sometimes a person notes an unreasonable feelingchills or, on the contrary, increased sweating. The slightest stress in such people can lead to a significant increase in body temperature. And the extremities are most often cold, due to vascular spasms.
- Vestibular apparatus
One of the most common complaints is frequent dizziness, and in particularly severe cases, even fainting.
- Emotional sphere
Doctors often have complaints about the state of the emotional sphere. A person may have various phobias, anxiety, loss of sleep, irritability, tearfulness.
- Skin covers
From the skin side of people suffering fromvegetative-vascular dystonia, pathological changes are also possible. The skin becomes pale, and red spots appear at the slightest emotional stress.
Causes of disorders of the nervous system
We found out that the main culprits of variousneuroses are all kinds of stress. However, in cases of serious problems, the reasons are, of course, more significant. As a rule, severe damage to the nervous system is caused by various factors that negatively affect the structure and functioning of nerve cells.
- Hypoxia
One of the most common reasonssuch disruptions in the functioning of nerve cells is hypoxia. Did you know that brain cells consume up to 20% of all oxygen entering the body? Numerous studies have shown that just 6 seconds after the brain stops receiving oxygen, a person loses consciousness. And just 15 seconds later, a disruption in normal brain activity is recorded. But not only brain cells suffer, but all other cells of the nervous system. And pay attention - not only acute hypoxia causes harm, but also chronic. Therefore, do not forget about the need to regularly ventilate the room and walk outside. And this is what people most often neglect. Just a fifteen-minute walk can significantly improve a person's well-being. Sleep and appetite will normalize, nervousness will disappear.
- Change in body temperature
Changes in body temperature also affectthe state of the nervous system is far from the best. For example, if a person has a temperature above 39 degrees for a long time, the metabolic rate increases several times. Nerve cells become very excited, after which they begin to slow down, and energy resources are depleted. In the same case, if there is general hypothermia of the body, the reaction rate in neurons decreases sharply. Consequently, the entire work of the nervous system slows down significantly. The degree of damage, of course, depends on the degree of change in body temperature and, importantly, on the time of exposure of the body to temperature.
- Toxic substances
Another very common negativefactor is the effect of certain toxic substances on the body. Doctors even distinguish a separate group of poisons that act extremely selectively, affecting the cells of the nervous system. Such poisons are called neurotropic.
- Other aggressive factors
Sometimes physical factors such as electric current, systematic vibrations, and electromagnetic fields have a negative impact on the nervous system.
- Metabolic disorders in the body
Quite dangerous for the nervous system andall kinds of metabolic disorders. Moreover, the central part is most often affected. For example, hypoglycemia is very dangerous for the brain. Do you know that almost all the oxygen consumed by the brain is necessary for the oxidation of glucose? Surely everyone knows that a chocolate bar eaten on time increases performance. And precisely due to the high content of glucose in it. But what will happen if the glucose level in the blood drops sharply? That's right, a sharp disruption of the brain cells will begin, up to loss of consciousness. Well, and in the case where glucose deficiency is observed for a long time, irreversible damage to the cerebral cortex is possible. And in the case where the normal balance of hydrogen ions and electrolytes in human blood is disturbed, damage to the cells of the peripheral nervous system is possible. The same thing happens with a lack of B vitamins in the body. By the way, the fair half of humanity should pay special attention to this. After all, it is women who very often abuse the strictest diets, bringing themselves to exhaustion. And few people think about what all this can turn out to be for the body. Of course, the consequences may not make themselves known immediately. But the delayed consequences are unlikely to please the sick woman. Be sure to remember that the diet should be gentle, and ideally - selected with the help of a nutritionist. Otherwise, the price for beauty may be exorbitant. and Often, various diseases, one way or another associated with the endocrine glands, can lead to disruption of the nervous system. Therefore, most often, an examination by a neurologist goes hand in hand with an examination by an endocrinologist. A striking example of such cases are people suffering from diabetes. According to medical statistics, approximately 80% of such patients have some or other diseases of the nervous system.
- Hereditary factor
In some cases, certain nervous disorderssystems may be a consequence of genetic predisposition. There may be cases of underdevelopment of some parts of the nervous system, or disruption of metabolic processes in the cells of the nervous system. The most striking example of such a phenomenon is phenylketonuria. A sick person has phenylalanine metabolism. As a result of this pathology, a huge amount of toxins accumulates in the human body, as a result of which the cells of the nervous system are affected.
- Various tumors
The presence of certain substances in the human bodyTumors, both malignant and benign, can also provoke a disruption of the normal functioning of the nervous system. This happens for a number of specific reasons. Firstly, the tumor can put pressure on one or another nerve center, thereby disrupting its work. Secondly, the tumor can lead to atrophy of the cells of the nervous system, as a result of which they are switched off from work. And finally, thirdly, as the tumor increases in size, there will be a decrease in the normal blood supply to the brain. As a result, there is a risk of developing ischemia. And ultimately, a simple nervous disorder can turn into a stroke.
- Inflammatory processes of the nervous system
I am not immune to inflammatory processes either.the human nervous system. And the type of nervous system dysfunction depends on where exactly the inflammation is localized. If the meninges are involved in the inflammatory process, the normal production of cerebrospinal fluid and its subsequent outflow are disrupted. As an inevitable consequence, cerebral circulation is disrupted, intracranial pressure increases. We will not tell you how to treat this or that nervous disorder - this is an extremely complex process. Therefore, a sick person at the first suspicion of any problems with the nervous system should seek help from a neurologist as soon as possible. In no case should you let the process take its course. Any, even the mildest nervous disorder deserves attention. Otherwise, the consequences can be most unpredictable for the entire body. We recommend reading:
