By law, parents decide themselves to vaccinate a childor not. Of course, there is a national calendar - a vaccination plan drawn up by the Ministry of Health. But even he is not a decree. On the other hand, the child will have problems when entering kindergarten or school. Require a copy of the certificate of vaccinations and in private schools. You, of course, will be able to defend your child's right to education and without vaccines. But will you be able to fence it off from those terrible diseases and their consequences that vaccination can prevent? Pediatrician Nikolai Komov: Chances of getting sick and getting complications hundreds of timesmore than the likelihood of complications after vaccinations. If you compare how many children die in car accidents, and children affected by vaccination - these figures are nearly disproportionate. However, no one says: “We will not carry the child in the car, because it is dangerous,” but they refuse to be vaccinated. Most vaccines are made in the first year of life - this is the most optimal period. A child who drinks mother's milk gets the necessary antibodies with him for up to 6 months. For six months, the protective properties of breast feeding are reduced. The antibodies in milk are much smaller. However, the child still does not go to kindergarten, does not contact with other children. Therefore, he does not get sick as often as, for example, children at the age of two. Many vaccinations can be given on the same day. So if the pediatrician has given permission, it is better not to stretch the vaccination and do it according to the plan drawn up by the Ministry of Health. If the child is susceptible to allergies, he has atopic dermatitis, the vaccine is given in remission. In addition, it is worth drinking a course of antihistamines for 3-7 days before vaccination and a few days after.Photo: Getty Images

From what diseases are children vaccinated according to the national calendar:

Hepatitis B - on the first day of life, then at 1 monthand six months. Children at risk (born to mothers with hepatitis B) are vaccinated 4 times - on the first day of life, a month, two and then a year. Tuberculosis - on the 3rd-7th day of life. Revaccination at 6-7 years. Pneumococcus - at 2 and 4.5 months. Revaccination at 15 months. Diphtheria, whooping cough, tetanus at 3, 4.5 and 6 months. Revaccination against three infections in a year and a half. Two repeated revaccinations against diphtheria and tetanus - at 6-7 and 14 years old. Poliomyelitis - at 3, 4.5 and 6 months. Then three revaccinations: at 18, 20 months and at 14 years old. Measles, rubella, mumps - a year. Revaccination at 6 years old. Vaccinations against these diseases are given in children's clinics free of charge. However, there are vaccines that are not included in the national calendar, but it will not be superfluous to make them either: 1. Vaccination against rotavirus infection. Having caught this disease, a person suffers from severe vomiting, diarrhea, he has a high fever, dehydration sets in. Rotavirus is especially dangerous for a baby, because we cannot make him drink water, and he himself does not feel thirsty yet. In the United States, rotavirus vaccination is on the national calendar. American researchers have already calculated that since the vaccine became mandatory, hospitalization of children in the United States for rotavirus has dropped to 90 percent. Of course, you can get sick with the vaccine, but not in such a harsh form. The child will no longer be admitted to the hospital, where he can pick up other bacteria, will not be given IVs, will not be prescribed antibiotics. However, the child must be vaccinated against rotavirus before he is six months old. Moreover, it is necessary to make three injections with an interval of a month. After six months, the child most often grasps his first rotavirus infection, so the vaccine is useless. Hemophilus influenza vaccine. In the USA, England and Germany, vaccination against this disease is included in the national calendar. In our country, the vaccine is given only to risk groups: immunocompromised babies born to mothers with HIV, children with HIV, as well as children in orphanages. Meanwhile, Haemophilus influenzae can result in a child with purulent meningitis, pneumonia, arthritis, and sepsis - a purulent lesion of the whole organism. So immunity from this infection will not be superfluous. A baby up to six months is given 3 injections. A child from 6 to 12 months - two vaccines. After a year, one vaccination is enough. Haemophilus influenza vaccine can be given up to 5 years. However, you should not delay with it - for a baby up to a year old, the injection is especially relevant.Photo: Getty Images3.Vaccination against meningococcal infection. A disease that threatens with complications such as deafness, epilepsy, paralysis, speech impairment, and mental development problems. Preschool children are especially susceptible to serous meningitis. Vaccination is done once, starting from one and a half years. 4. Chickenpox vaccine. If a child becomes infected with chickenpox at preschool age, it is considered not scary. However, the disease has a very unpleasant complication - it damages not only the skin and mucous membranes, but also nerve cells. Chickenpox is usually mild in young children. But in one out of a hundred cases, a child develops a very serious complication - chickenpox encephalitis, or inflammation of the brain. In older children - schoolchildren, adolescents, and also the course is especially difficult. The rash period lasts up to 2 weeks. And the patient is also tormented by severe itching, intoxication, inflammation of the mucous membranes, when even eating becomes a real torment. The same virus in adulthood causes shingles or herpes zoster - a very painful rash that will take 3-4 weeks to heal. In Europe, America and Japan, chickenpox vaccination has been carried out since the 70s of the last century. There, vaccination is mandatory. Vaccinations can be carried out from a year, twice with a break of 6 weeks. 5. Vaccination against tick-borne encephalitis. If a family with children lives in the country or plans to go out into the countryside in the summer, into the forest, even just walk in the parks, it is necessary to get vaccinated. In Russia, cases of tick-borne encephalitis infection among children are recorded every year. The consequences are dire: neurological, psychiatric complications and even death. The vaccination is done twice, and then every year you need to undergo revaccination. Babies can be vaccinated from the age of 1. Human papillomavirus vaccination. The vaccine for this disease is included in the national calendar of the USA, Great Britain and Germany. For a woman, the virus can end in cervical cancer. Therefore, the vaccine is given to teenage girls 13-14 years old before their sexual activity. Flu shot. Everyone is susceptible to this virus, but children are at high risk. In addition to serious complications (pneumonia, meningitis, encephalitis, liver damage and other diseases), influenza is often fatal. Most deaths from the virus occur in children under 2 years of age. So for a child who attends a nursery or kindergarten, such a vaccination is necessary. The flu vaccine can be given from 6 months of age. Children from six months to 3 years old who are vaccinated for the first time are given two injections with an interval of 1 month. Further, vaccination is carried out every year at least one month before the seasonal rise in the incidence.

For travelers

Before you take a ticket to a foreign resort,consult with the pediatrician, without any vaccines it is undesirable to travel to a particular country. So, in all southern countries you need to come vaccinated against polio, measles, rubella, mumps. Of vaccines that are not included in the national calendar: Hepatitis A vaccine. Vaccine should be made before a trip to Africa (including Egypt and Tunisia), Asia (Turkey, Central Asia, India and South-East Asia, including the islands), some countries South America and the Caribbean. It is possible to vaccinate children from year. Repeated injections should be done in 6-18 months. Immunity after the first dose is formed within 2 weeks, so when planning a trip, get a vaccine in advance. Yellow fever injection. The vaccine for this disease is the only one that is included in the International Certificate and is required when traveling to a number of countries in Africa and South America. Children can be vaccinated from 9 months and no later than 10 days before traveling to endemic areas. Typhoid fever. Outbreaks of the disease are recorded annually in India, in the countries of South America, Africa and Asia. In 1-2 weeks, the vaccine will create immunity from infection. Children can be vaccinated from the age of three. Repeated vaccinations are carried out every three years. The main

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