Types of residential buildingsThe highest quality and most comfortablehousing, of course, is made of brick. This material has been tested for centuries. But nowadays, buildings are almost never made of it. This is due to the fact that brick construction involves long construction periods and a more labor-intensive technology compared to other types of houses. This means, no matter how you look at it, you will have to choose between monolithic and panel houses, they are the ones competing with each other in the battle for a buyer who prefers new buildings. Monolith - this is not new In Moscow and St. Petersburg, almost half of the square meters built annually are monolithic buildings, the supporting "skeleton" of which is made of reinforced concrete. By the way, such buildings are lighter than brick ones, which allows for the construction of taller buildings. But you should not perceive monolithic buildings, which began to appear in large cities, as the latest word in the construction industry. The first buildings made of concrete were precisely monolithic, they simply did not know how to do it any other way.
For a long time it was believed that for a monolithicOur climate conditions are not suitable for construction: concrete must harden at a certain temperature, which requires additional costs. Over time, the advantages of monolithic construction became obvious. Free planning is perhaps the main one. You can combine rooms and apartments not only horizontally, but also vertically. It is clear that repairs in such housing are expensive - often up to 50% of the total cost of its area. Perhaps this circumstance made apartments in monolithic buildings elite by the fact of their "birth". Such housing is also fashionably called business class, although there is no single definition of this concept in Russia. In Moscow and St. Petersburg, business class means not only an apartment with an improved layout, but also a fenced, guarded area of a residential complex, an equipped courtyard, a parking lot or an underground garage. In other cities, for example, Astrakhan and Nizhny Novgorod, a kitchen-dining room, a large bathroom and a couple of loggias are enough for now. — The main argument in favor of monolithic housing construction is the service life, says Doctor of Economics Igor Aronov. — It is enough for several generations to live in the apartment. This means that the house will not be demolished, after which its residents often end up in other areas of their cities. All over the world, monolithic housing construction is 10-15% cheaper than panel construction. Maybe we will eventually get the same values? So far, our country has not come up with house designs that would cost less and be built faster than panel houses. Panel: the era of renaissance The relative cheapness of panel houses is explained by the fact that the parts are manufactured in factories, and only assembled at the construction site, like a constructor. That is why they were built and will be built for a very long time. And millions of Russians owe to panel housing that they moved from a room in a barracks, dormitory or communal apartment to comfortable housing in Khrushchev-era buildings - new buildings of that time. And it is this circumstance that makes today's buyers wonder: will modern, improved, modified, but still typical buildings be torn down? - Why are Khrushchev-era buildings being torn down all over Russia? - asks the honorary builder of Russia Alexey Novikov. - The shelf life of five-story buildings has long expired, and major repairs were not implied in them from the very beginning. Reconstruction is an expensive pleasure. In addition, from an economic point of view, it makes more sense to demolish these buildings. Comfortable housing will not be made from Khrushchev-era buildings anyway. By the way, for the same reason, brick five-story buildings cannot be turned into decent houses. As well as nine- and twelve-story buildings, the area of apartments in which is sometimes even smaller than in Khrushchev-era buildings. That is why Moscow has already announced their demolition. But I remember that the capital was the first in the fight against five-story buildings. I would not be afraid that the new panel houses will suffer the same fate in 50 years. After all, they can now be renovated. Recently, panel housing construction has made a sharp qualitative leap. We can say that it is experiencing a renaissance.
Indeed, new panel housing is attractivemore convenient layout, the architectural appearance of the facades has changed. Most of the new series provide for two bathrooms and glazed loggias in the apartments. — Time will tell which houses are the future, — says the president of the Russian Guild of Realtors Alexander Romanenko. — Considering the dynamics with which society is developing, I can say that people are increasingly attached not to their place of residence, but to their place of work. This means that many Russians will change their housing for a new one more than once during their lives. And if so, the main thing will not be which house to choose, but which of them will be delivered with finishing. For now, any commercial new buildings are delivered with bare walls, which for Europe, for example, is complete nonsense. Are you aware? By the way, in France and Germany they were also fond of panel houses at one time (especially many of them were built immediately after the war), but now they have also gone down the path of demolition and new construction. They began to reconstruct old houses of the 19th and first half of the 20th centuries. And then there was a completely different construction - with the use of brick, stone, expensive natural materials. In our country, they built "Stalin-era" buildings like this. Many of them, just like Khrushchev-era buildings, have not seen major repairs since birth, but everything else about them - beautiful facades, three-meter ceilings, large rooms, utility rooms, spacious entrances with wide staircases, huge courtyards. I remember Zaha Hadid, the only female architect to win the Pritzker Prize (the architectural equivalent of the Nobel Prize), visiting Russia, told AiF that our Stalinist architecture has no analogues anywhere in the world, so we must protect it and be proud of it.
