Modern cuffing would seem to the little boyfrom medieval Russia is something like the manna of heaven. At that time, the rods, rod and whip were common. And "I will not do it any more" as a wand-wand did not work then. About juvenile justice, too, no one heard. Was guilty - get it all severely. And strictness with regard to children was one of the main principles of education. It was believed that the child is beaten solely out of love for him - they say, will grow up a man. From the Domostroi of the XV century: "Punish the children in their youth - they will save you in your old age", "Do not weaken, beating the baby." And even in the Bible: "A lesson to him is a lesson. The vine is his vine. "
If only he was alive
"Flogging". Pavel KovalevskyPhoto: art gallery "Collection" Fear of being beaten persecuted children not only in families, but also in schools with monasteries and churches. For negligent attitude towards learning or nasty behavior of the child, they have been slaughtered before becoming blue before the whole class. Moreover, the force of blows and the duration of "execution" were not prescribed by laws - if only it did not die. It came to 600 strokes or more. Granted that religion in general was called to carry in the world chelovechestvo.K XVIII century flogging is becoming less popular, and in 1785, the representatives of the nobility and do not relieve of assault. True, the ban lasted a short time - some ten years. And only a century later, in 1864, teachers of gymnasiums were finally forbidden to beat pupils. In addition to the physical punishment of children from high estates for misconduct deprived of sweet, put in a corner, forbidden to entertain. And when the imperial court was not allowed to their parents for their half or (oh, horror!) At dinner they offered to eat one soup. And they could even deprive the meal if the child dared to ask: "What do we have today tasty?" In the lyceums, an alternative to rods (though quite doubtful) was dressing up. He was dressed in a suit of another color and forced to wear - everyone became aware of his "fall". As an option - on the jacket hung a sign with talking information (for example, "Pushkin - dvoechnik"). Many pupils, who could not endure severe ridicule and mockery, preferred to experience short-term physical violence.
Photo: Getty Images
Crooked tree saw will fix
The power of parents over their children was unconditional.A father could easily sell his children, assign them to work for debts, or disown them. And from the mid-19th century, he could dump them in a correctional facility. The Code of Laws of 1857 states: "Children of both sexes who are not in government service, for persistent disobedience to parental authority, depraved life and other obvious vices, shall be sent to houses of correction." The Don Cossacks, too, in raising their children, were often guided by the idea that "the back is a matter of acquisition: the whip will reduce the body, so you will acquire a new one." "If you do not touch a child, do not punish him for pranks, then he will turn out to be an uneducated person: he must listen to his parents in everything, and if he does not listen kindly, then he can be flogged." A father could tie a disobedient son to a plow or a cart, and then beat him with reins. Remember Sholokhov's "Quiet Flows the Don"? "Panteley Prokofievich, gurgling something in his beard, scurried off to the house. He found Grishka in the room. Without saying a word, he reached out to him along the back with his crutch. Grigory, bending over, hung on his father's arm. - For what, dad? - For good reason, you son of a b-a-a-a! - For what? - Don't do dirty tricks to your neighbor! Don't disgrace your father! Don't hang around, you dog! - Panteley Prokofievich wheezed, dragging Grigory around the room, trying to pull out the crutch. - I won't let you fight! - Grigory snorted dully and, clenching his jaws, pulled the crutch. Onto his knee and - crunch! Panteley Prokofievich hit his son on the neck with a tight fist." A common occurrence.
Not that side of a potato
Corporal punishment in Soviet schoolsThere was no question of it. During the active construction of communism, when the public was valued higher than the personal, a truly hellish punishment was exclusion from the Pioneers or Komsomol, the announcement of a boycott, and a scolding at the squad council. In families, the belt was still the leading one. And you probably remember it yourself. - I was born in 1945. The authority of our parents was indisputable for us, - recalls Galina Firsova from Rostov. - My sister, brother and I addressed them formally all our lives - out of respect. And to say a swear word in response, I can’t even imagine it. For my pranks, my mother beat me - with everything that came to hand: a belt, a rope, a towel ... But sometimes my father could not stand it either. I remember how once at dinner, when I was 8 years old, he hit me hard on the forehead with a spoon just because I reached for the potatoes from the wrong side of the frying pan. And there was a pea plant in the corner, that's true.
Humiliated and insulted
A photo: "Lory" photo bank It should be noted that there are many nationalities in multinational Russia, in whose families there is also a rarity. Not out of mollowness, but because traditions are different. Highlanders, even in ancient times, and now rarely resort to physical punishment. Will a free man with a sense of dignity grow from a humiliated child? Well, they tugged at my ear, they gave me a slap in the back, but they did not beat me. Usually, they were loaded with work for misdemeanors, they conducted long explanatory conversations with numerous relatives. And they rarely raised their voices. And the most terrible was public censure. "Family disgrace", "disgrace of the family" - human memory for a long time could prick eyes. Northern nations are also opponents of violence against a person. Forcing a child to anything, using pressure, blackmail, is not in their rules. The boy does not want to learn how to put a plague - do not. The time will come when he himself will understand that he needs it.
And do not want to go to court?
Nowadays, hitting children is considered bad manners.Most modern parents prefer to lecture their children. Moreover, you can pay for assault. As lawyer Mikhail Revyakin explained, if a parent raises a hand against a child, their actions are assessed under Part 1 of Article 5.61 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation (Administrative Code), which provides for liability for insult, since humiliation of honor and dignity can be committed by action, and not just words. The punishment is from 1,000 to 3,000 rubles. But if the court assesses the parent's actions as cruelty, Article 156 of the Criminal Code will be applied and a punishment of up to three years of imprisonment may be imposed. In addition, the actions of parents can be assessed under Article 6.1.1 of the Administrative Code as beatings during violent actions against a child that caused physical pain but did not lead to a health disorder. The punishment in this case is a fine of 5,000 to 30,000 rubles, arrest for 15 days, or community service. In addition, moralizing becomes so familiar to the child's ear that it is perceived as background noise. The child at least does not react, at most - gets irritated. Make it a rule: fewer words - more action. Only your own positive example and a sincere conversation about your feelings, and not about his "wrongness", can correct the behavior of a son or daughter.
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