1. What forms of roofs are used most often?
The most common form in Russia isgable This configuration simplifies the installation of truss construction and roofing, significantly reduces the complexity of the organization of the ventilation of the roofing space, and also contributes to easier removal of snow. As a rule, it is most often found in the southern regions of the country: the slope is usually facing the windward side. Hip, hip, dome and conical roofs can be seen less often. Hip roof has four slopes, the slopes of which are the same; domed and conical roofs have a spherical shape and are used to overlap buildings that have a circular section in plan. Finally, the hip roof is a type of hip roof for rectangular buildings.
2. What are roofing coverings?
The main element of any roof is the roofing.Currently, there is a huge variety. If we proceed from their classification by the type of waterproofing layer, we can distinguish roll, sheet and set coatings. The most famous representative of roll materials was once roofing felt. Today, it has been replaced by more modern polymeric materials: bitumen-polymer, polymer and mastic roll coatings. Slate Among roofing sheet materials, even people far from construction are well aware of slate - an asbestos-cement material. Everyone also knows its disadvantages: heavy weight, fragility, "unaspicious" appearance. True, new modifications of slate are currently being created. For example, one domestic manufacturer offers slate covered with polymer phosphate paints, which gives the material a more modern look. Ondulin Also on the market is "euro slate" Ondulin. In fact, this is cardboard impregnated with a special polymer composition. Unlike cement derivatives, this is a softer material that allows deformation: its sheets can be bent lengthwise and crosswise. Metal roofing tilesThe traditional leader in the roofing market is steel, primarily metal roofing tiles. Such material is covered with a multi-component protective layer during the production process, including zinc, and then it is given various shapes. Currently, metal roofing sheets are treated with various polymer coatings: plastisol, polyester, Pural. CopperAnother sheet material is copper. It has high corrosion resistance, durability and environmental friendliness. At the same time, it is characterized by increased condensation on the inner surface of the roof and high cost. Natural roofing tilesThe most famous of the prefabricated coatings is natural roofing tiles. Currently, the market mainly offers cement-sand tiles, which are less durable than traditional ceramic tiles, but are close to them in other parameters. Bitumen tiles Also well known is the soft prefabricated covering - a type of bitumen roofing. This is a multi-layer flexible tile impregnated with a special composition based on synthetic resins and covered with sand sprinkling. Just like natural tiles, bitumen tiles require good preparation of the slopes, in particular - continuous sheathing with plywood.
3. What types of roofs are best suited for different types of buildings?
For outbuildings (roofs, sheds, etc.) it is recommended to use rolled polymeric materials: they are inexpensive and have a fairly long service life. When choosing a roof for a house, one must proceed not only from the price of the material, external and other characteristics, but also from the type of the building itself. All buildings can be divided into frame and capital. In prefabricated houses, the supporting function is played by a frame made of thick timber or boards. Only lightweight roofs can be used in such buildings. Capital houses have a solid foundation and strong walls; heavier materials are also used here. In terms of its weight, one of the lightest materials is metal tiles (5 kg per sq. m); roll roofing weighs from 5 to 12 kg per sq. m; one of the heaviest materials is natural tiles (about 40 kg per sq. m). In any case, when using heavy materials, the costs of the rafter system increase: it is necessary to use more lumber and additional elements. When arranging the roofs of gazebos, canopies in front of the house, balconies and terraces, transparent cellular polycarbonate is often used, which has a light weight. It is better to buy this material with a special layer designed to protect against ultraviolet rays. Otherwise, after some time, the canopy may turn yellow.
4. Which roof slope is optimal?
As the practice of roof operation has shown,Most snow accumulates on roofs with a slope of 30°. In this case, the snow blown off the windward slope is carried over the ridge and deposited on the opposite side. To avoid this, make the slope less than 30°. With a small slope, a significant part of the snow is blown away by the wind. You can also go the opposite way and create a steeper slope - about 45°. In this case, the snow will simply slide off the roof. A steep roof slope is recommended for those houses that are surrounded by trees or other objects that prevent wind penetration.
5. How to properly arrange a "roofing pie"?
The classic design of the so-called«roofing pie» looks like this: vapor barrier - insulation - waterproofing - ventilation gap. Four types of film can be used to combat moisture. Vapor barrier film protects insulation and supporting structures from water vapor that forms during human activity; waterproofing film protects insulation and supporting structures from precipitation and condensation that occurs on the back side of the coating; anti-condensation film prevents water droplets from forming; The diffusion membrane protects the insulation and supporting structures from condensate and atmospheric moisture, and the insulation additionally from blowing and fiber emission. Having solved the issues with vapor and waterproofing, it is necessary to lay the insulation. If you plan to arrange an attic under the roof, use slab insulation with rigid impregnation. The soft material will gradually slide down the slope, leaving "cold zones". The final touch of the "roofing pie" device is proper ventilation. Air inflow into the under-roof space is carried out through a gap in the area of the eaves overhang, and exhaust - through pitched or ridge aerators. Remember that each inter-rafter span must be ventilated. Obviously, it is quite difficult to independently, without the help of a specialist, select all the components of a complex system. In order not to make a mistake, it is better to give preference to complex solutions offered by leading manufacturers of roofing coverings. In practice, this means that the company should be able to offer a complete set of roofing systems: from the roofs themselves to the gutters. At the same time, the total cost is unlikely to exceed, and most likely will be less than the stage-by-stage option. After all, in the latter case, delivery costs, loss of time searching for the necessary materials, inaccuracies in cutting, etc. are inevitable.
6. How to choose the right drain?
The choice of drainage depends on many factors:average rainfall in your area, presence of hazardous industrial production (harmful substances can negatively affect the appearance of plastic gutters), but most importantly - from the area of the roof slopes. If this area does not exceed 100 sq. m, then you can install small gutters connected to one drainpipe. It is capable of draining water from a roof of about 100 sq. m. A roof slope of 200 sq. m allows you to choose between installing an additional pipe and larger elements.
7. What determines the cost of installing the roof?
First of all, it depends on the installation featuresmaterial. Thus, the installation of tiles and other prefabricated elements is one of the most expensive. After all, in this case, the labor intensity of the entire process increases significantly: it is necessary to carefully lay out and secure each row. Although many instructions for laying ceramic tiles note that if the slope is small, then only the lower, upper and side rows of tiles can be secured. The cost of installing soft and sheet roofs is lower, since their installation takes much less time. As a rule, metal roofing panels are cut exactly to the length of the slope and are installed with an overlap, i.e. one on top of the other. Due to this, a minimum number of joints are formed on the roof, significantly simplifying the installation. Also, the cost of laying the roof will depend on the complexity of the shape of the roof itself: you will have to pay for architectural "excesses". The installation of a drainage system and other necessary roof accessories is also paid for separately. It should be understood that the arrangement of the roof - this is the very option where the proverb "we are not so rich to buy cheap things" works, as they say, "one hundred percent". Trying to save money by buying cheap options is a rather risky experiment, since instead of the promised 50 years, the roof will last for at least 5. Considering that the cost of the material is unlikely to exceed a third of the total cost of erecting the roof, there is no point in looking for a "budget" coating. For example, the average price difference between European metal tiles and similar-looking "economical" domestic ones is about 10%.
8. Conservation of unfinished roof is necessary. What to do?
In some cases (due to failure to complete the work on time,supplies of materials and for other reasons) it may be necessary to preserve the unfinished roof for the winter. In this case, experts recommend making a roofing "carpet" from inexpensive roll material (say, roofing felt). You can secure the "carpet" with, for example, ballast in the form of crushed stone. In the spring, this temporary covering will have to be removed, the screed and insulation dried and new high-quality material glued on. You can also buy waterproof awnings and cover the entire roof area with them. However, this option does not guarantee the exclusion of leaks.
9. What to do to properly care for the roof?
If a paint layer defect is detected orroof covering, it will need urgent restoration - by painting or applying special aerosol compounds (they are commercially available); if corrosion appears on roofs and gutters made of galvanized steel, special anti-corrosion preparations must be used. Owners of private homes should also remember the need to periodically tighten bolts and other metal fasteners in the corner joints of wooden supporting structures. Also, from time to time, wooden roof structures should be treated with fire-retardant agents. Special attention should be paid to gutters. In order for gutters to work stably and fully drain water from the roof surface, they must be cleaned of debris at least once a year. To prevent clogging of the gutter with leaves, a special metal mesh can be installed in the funnel.
10. How to get rid of snow on the roof?
In the simplest version, this is easy to dowith a scraper (a piece of board on a long handle with a soft rubber strip nailed to it). You can also contact specialized companies that provide snow removal services. They will not only help clean the roof, but will also seal possible roof leaks using fiberglass-reinforced mastic. This method ensures sufficient tightness of the protected areas. Snow causes the greatest problems to gutters, so to ensure that they are free of accumulated snow and ice, anti-icing protection systems are installed. They are heating cables: they are fixed to the edge of the roof and along the length of the gutter with a fixing tape, and suspended in drainpipes using special hooks. Such cables can be installed in the eaves, gutters and drainpipes, protecting them from icing and the formation of icicles. Moreover, the heating system is developed for a specific roof structure, and, if desired, is equipped with a regulator to save energy. Specialists will help you select the system power (from 30 to 60 W/m) depending on the type of roof and gutters. Companies that sell and install roofing
- Modern roofs, Kaluzhskoye highway, 42nd km, 15 km from Moscow Ring Road, Krovli store, 2nd floor, phone / fax: (495) 777-72-21 (multichannel).
- Tox - building materials, tel.: (495) 755-65-42 (multi-channel).
- DomStroy, st. Lower fields, 15, tel .: (495) 778-44-57, 356-52-91.
- Roof technology, tel .: (903) 960-57-66, (903) 77-88-799.
- New roof, Warsaw sh., 17, p. 1, (495) 786-39-24.
