Clinical picture of breast cancer
Depending on the course of the disease, cancerThe mammary gland is differentiated into 5 main groups. The earlier a woman turns to a professional mammologist, the greater the chances of revealing pathology at an early stage of the oncological process. Oncology of the breast: early stages of the disease 0 stage - at this stage of the disease in the walls of the ducts of the gland, the presence of pathological cells is revealed. This is a non-invasive form of cancer, since cancer cells do not go beyond the walls and do not penetrate into healthy tissues. Sometimes the 0th stage is not considered an oncological process. However, there is a high probability that under the influence of adverse conditions or in the absence of proper treatment, the damaged cells will continue to change and cause the growth of a malignant tumor. The stage proceeds asymptomatically. Stage 1 - is considered the onset of invasive oncology. Cancer cells form a small tumor, whose size does not exceed 2 cm in diameter. Nevertheless, the tumor remains within the organ. When probing the gland, you can find a small painless seal. It should be noted that cancer is most successfully treated at this stage. Complete recovery occurs without excision of the mammary gland. Consequently, a woman saves not only the breast, but also the possibility of natural feeding. Stage 2 - at this stage, oncology develops in 4 directions.
- The size of the tumor can remain the same, but the cancer cells are detected in the lymph nodes located in the axillary region.
- Malignant neoplasm can grow up to 5 cm, single cancer cells in the axillary lymph nodes are not found.
- The diameter of the formation is 2-5 cm, the appearance of cancer cells in the lymph nodes located in the axillary region.
- There are no single cancer cells in the lymph nodes, the diameter of the tumor becomes more than 5 cm.
The palpation of the gland helps to detect a smallcompaction. Other symptoms are usually not observed. The 0th, 1 st and 2 nd stages of oncology of the breast are considered early forms of the process. In the early stages, it is possible to use gentle methods of treatment, allowing to preserve the natural shape of the breast and the functionality of the mammary glands. With the further development of the disease with the transition to the late stage will require complete excision of the gland. Do not give up on despair, because modern medicine has methods of surgical treatment with simultaneous breast plasty. In the absence of contraindications plastic is carried out immediately after excision of tissues. 
Oncology of the breast: late stages of the disease In the early stages of the disease, the disease can remain unnoticed for the woman herself, since she has no expressed character. Therefore, it is necessary not to neglect preventive examinations and undergo an examination at a mammal about once a year. With the development of the process, the symptoms become pronounced. Stage 3 - this form refers to the category of locally advanced oncology and is differentiated into 3 types. Stage IIIA is characterized by the presence of a tumor with a diameter of not more than 5 cm. Metastases continue to spread to the lymph nodes. It is not excluded the defeat of the chest lymph nodes. With increasing tumor size, cancer cells affect soldered or separately located lymph nodes. Stage IIIB is diagnosed if a tumor of any size grows into the skin of the gland or into the region of the chest. Expressed signs of breast cancer in this case - the appearance of swelling of tissues and small nodules on the surface of the skin. Sometimes the mammary gland acquires a reddish hue and marked puffiness as a result of blockage of the lymphatic vessels. Stage IIIC means the presence of a tumor of any size that grows into the surrounding tissue. Lymph nodes in the armpit, chest, and also in the subclavian region can be affected. Stage 4 - there is metastasis of other internal organs, such as the liver or bone tissue. This degree is called metastatic cancer. Sometimes the process is irreversible. In this case, the treatment is designed to reduce the symptoms of the disease, but can not eliminate its cause. Cancer is an insidious disease that can recur with a complete, seemingly cure. Often relapse occurs due to the presence of single cancer cells not destroyed by treatment, or metastases located in hard-to-reach places. It is not necessary to re-develop oncology in the mammary gland. Relapse can affect the lungs, bones, brain or liver. 
Symptoms that serve as a signal to call a mammologist
As the development of oncology is gradually manifestedexternal signs of breast cancer. If such symptoms are detected, you should immediately contact a women's consultation and undergo a thorough examination. Because of the absence of symptoms in the early stages of the disease, breast cancer is most often detected in neglected form. A woman should pay attention to any change in the contour of the gland, wrinkling of the skin or retraction of the nipple. The surface of the skin can peel off, acquiring a reddish hue. There is a constant burning sensation. It is possible that these symptoms are a sign of a normal allergic reaction. However, you can make sure of this only by consulting with an expert. In the future, the oncological process proceeds with a feeling of discomfort and soreness in the affected gland, swelling of the axillary region or shoulder, an increase in lymph nodes in the armpit. Changes are observed on the part of the patient of the mammary gland. On the surface of the skin may form dimples. On the nipple wound appears, from the nipple it is possible to separate the bloody liquid. Germination of malignant neoplasm on the skin leads to the appearance of ulcers. According to statistics, in Russia every 16th woman is susceptible to oncology of the mammary glands. To prevent the appearance of disease or the development of advanced stages of cancer, it is necessary to take care of your own health.
