Parents of kids who hurried to see this world,always worried about the question - will not the development of the crumb fall behind? Care for children born in the early stages is quite complex, but quite feasible. Medical nursing, complete supervision and counseling of children, as well as the desire of parents to help their baby, can significantly reduce the resonance picture. Premature birth of children changes the onset of development, but it will take quite a bit of time and differences will go away in the past. A premature baby is born in the interval from the 28th to the 37th week. It weighs no more than 2.5 kilograms. Recognize four levels of prematurity, and the care and development of children should occur exactly in accordance with the required level:
- I - from 2500 to 2000 grams;
- II - from 2000 to 1500 grams;
- III - from 1500 to 1000 grams;
- IV - less than 1000 grams.
Causes of premature births
Identify the causes of premature birthis rather difficult, because in most cases they are not single, but are combined with each other. However, factors that have already developed over many years, both socio-economic or biological, and clinical, are often determined. So, what are the causes of premature birth?
- Improper living conditions of a pregnant woman. The main reasons can serve: untimely appeal for medical help, poorly balanced diet, lack of normal living conditions;
- Harmful and hard work. A woman should remember that according to the labor code of the Russian Federation, she has the right to apply to a higher-level management for a transfer to light work;
- It is aggravated by all and dangerous habits of habits: smoking, alcohol abuse, and especially, the use of narcotic drugs;
- The same reason can be in too late pregnancy, or at a very young age of the girl;
- The presence of a woman in the past medical or spontaneous abortion;
- Various clinical factors, which are the chronic diseases of the mother. Perhaps the existence of problems of the endocrine system, nervous shocks during pregnancy;
- On the part of the fetus, genetic or chromosomal diseases and, as an option, an immunological conflict with the mother are also possible.
Preventing premature birth
Remember that in most casespreventive measures help to avoid the untimely appearance of crumbs to light. The causes of premature birth, as is clear from the above, are removable. Observance of all the advice and recommendations of your gynecologist will help you wait until the deadline for the birth of a baby. If, for any reason, the gynecologist offers you hospitalization for the purpose of maintaining a pregnancy, do not give it up - the baby's health is impermissible to endanger. The threat of premature birth in the maternity ward of the hospital is being eliminated very quickly. Doctors will try to maximize pregnancy, because a premature seven-month-old child has a much better chance of normal development than a baby born in the fifth month of pregnancy. Any pregnant woman should know about the signs of premature birth, so as not to miss the first alarming "bells" and seek medical help as soon as possible. Be sure to ask for help if:
- A pregnant woman has regular pulling pains in the lower abdomen or in the lumbar region;
- Constantly damp underwear - there is a possibility of leakage of amniotic fluid;
- Sharp painful sensations;
- A sharp headache, dizziness.
Physiological formation of premature babies
At the time of birth, all children lose weight, thatmuch more noticeable if the child was born ahead of time. Such a child can lose up to 15 percent of the body weight. Loss in weight greatly affects the thermoregulation of the body, so the baby needs careful heating conditions. For this, the incubator method is used, it is quite effective, as it allows creating all the necessary physiological conditions for the life and development of a premature baby. By the way, if you have the opportunity to ask for help in a specialized maternity hospital, which specializes specifically in conducting preterm labor, try to do it. In such medical institutions, nursing preterm infants is common, and all medical personnel have the necessary skills. But even if you do not have such an opportunity - do not panic. The incubator for premature babies is in any maternity hospital, so that the survival rate of toddlers is high enough. The way in which a child will be born depends on very many factors and medical indicators. Remember that deeply premature babies after cesarean section are much more likely to survive and successfully develop further. This is because children with extremely low body weight can simply not transfer the very process of passing through the birth canal.
The first year of life
The incubator creates a suitable environment forexistence, which helps the baby during the breathing not to spend a lot of energy, especially in the case of the birth of deeply premature babies. And if the child was born healthy, his further weight gain in the coming months equated to normal. Developing fast enough, as if trying to catch up with peers, a premature baby adds to the mass well enough, after a couple of months, doubling the weight. By the year, the weight value can increase sixfold. Having a small weight at birth, the baby will quickly recruit it in the initial year of life. A similar picture can be observed if we pay attention to growth. In the first year of life the baby grows by about 40 centimeters. And adding 2 centimeters each next year, by five years he will not be much different from his peers. Respiratory organs, organs of the root nervous system, the shape of the skull in premature babies have inappropriate values. Therefore, doctors recommend carefully monitoring the increase in the circumference of the head in the first year of life.
- In the first month up to 6 cm;
- The second month is 2-3 cm;
- On the third month, 2 cm;
- From the fourth to the sixth months to 1 cm;
- Next - about a centimeter every month.
Mental and motor-motor development
Psychomotor formation and skills of the majoritychildren born early in life appear later than full-term babies. The development of premature babies by months depends on the degree of prematurity of the crumbs. The lag is different in terms of the level of prematurity: at level I-II, development is equal to the year; at III-IV level - to 3 years. Beginning from four months, premature babies retain the head more firmly when they lie on their tummy. And closer to six months - vertically. Since the age of five months, emotional development has come - premature babies distinguish strangers from relatives, begin to take the toy that adults offer them, determine the source of sound. Closer to eight months, children develop mobility in a horizontal posture. The kid can make a turn on the tummy, from the tummy to the back, to try to crawl. Then he learns to sit down, go to bed, get up on his own. To eat without the help of adults, these babies read to try not earlier than 11-12 months. In the same period comes the skill of accuracy.
Feeding preterm baby
Preterm babies have a much lowerbody weight than those born on time. And their body is forced to develop at a faster pace than peers. But here we need to look at the problem, and on the other hand - premature crumbs in the immature digestive system, not well developed, both sucking and swallowing reflexes. Also, an inadequate saliva production may be an obstacle to a normal digestive process, which is typical for premature babies. And the capacity of the stomach is not so great as that of the children born on time, and therefore they regurgitate much more often. Due to a decreased secretion of gastric juice, breast milk is not fully digested. In some maternity hospitals, supplementary feeding of premature babies with artificial mixtures is practiced. In advance, discuss this issue with children's doctors. When deciding on how to nurse a premature baby, remember that the mother's breast milk is the most useful and nutritious food. Try to preserve breastfeeding by any possible means. As a rule, it can be done in most cases - there would be a desire. Even if a child was born so weak that he can not eat and feed independently through a probe, it can be fed with expressed milk.
Rehabilitation period
And now premature birth and nursinglittle crumbs were left behind. The natural excitement of doctors and mom and dad also went into oblivion. Your little one, who hurried to appear in the world, gained the necessary body weight, acquired the necessary skills for life - breathing, crying, sucking. Of course, all parents are extremely concerned about such a question as the rehabilitation of premature babies. It is worth noting that in uncomplicated cases no special rehabilitation program is required - nature will do everything itself. The most important condition that parents must observe is timely and regular observation of the child in the clinic. And very soon your little one will not be different from your peers! We advise you to read:
