What is myopia or nearsightedness?
Myopia is a fairly frequent violationvisual function of a person, therefore, it is necessary to carefully monitor the health of the eyes, carry out preventive measures and start treatment of the disease on time. Otherwise, the disease becomes a higher degree, leading to the development of serious complications. The main causes of the disease are heredity, stress of recommendation, increased intraocular pressure, unfavorable conditions, non-observance of the rules of eye care. For example, when reading a book in a poorly lit room, reading in a reclining position, excessively high eye strain, professional employment, requiring close attention (working on a computer, drawing small drawings and sketches, studying printed materials, and so on). 
Development of myopia
The treatment of myopia is largely determined by its degree. Degree is characterized by removal of focus from the retina itself. The higher the degree, the more difficult and longer the treatment is required. Up to 3 diopters is a weak degree, in which it is enough to perform simple advice, which helps restore visual acuity. Up to 6 diopters is an average degree. And already more than 6 diopters - a high degree of myopia, which requires special treatment, as a rule, by the operating method. The prognosis of correction depends on many factors (peculiarities of the structure of the eye elements, the presence of contraindications). It is not necessary that weak myopia will flow to a high degree. Very often progressive myopia is a temporary phenomenon that is inherent in adolescence. As a rule, by the age of 20, the disease stops at a certain level and ceases to progress. Only in isolated cases the disease progresses chronically and leads to disability. How can you determine the appearance of this disease on your own? For this, it is necessary to regularly undergo a medical examination of the body, since at the initial stage it is quite difficult to detect myopia without examining specialists. This is due to the fact that for a long time the disease may not manifest itself in any way. The main symptom is the deterioration of vision when observing objects located at a certain distance. At first the person ceases to see objects clearly at a sufficiently large distance, in the future it is already difficult to read the bus route, price tags in the store, watch TV and so on. An accurate diagnosis is determined not only by a routine examination of visual acuity using a special table. As a rule, the pupil's enlargement must first be done, which is called the state of cycloplegia. Very often, signs of false myopia may occur with other visual impairments. It is also advisable to measure eye pressure, which makes it possible to exclude the presence of glaucoma. Only after a detailed and thorough examination of visual acuity, fiber and eye fundus are selected a special treatment. As a rule, this is a complex of measures, due to which the patient's vision is adjusted, restored or significantly improved. Without treatment, an improvement in the situation will not occur, the disease will not disappear by itself. 
Effective treatment of myopia
In each case, myopia (especially, high degreeand constantly progressing) requires timely treatment. The most common methods are surgical intervention, conservative treatment, laser and contact correction. Conservative or pharmacological treatment is used in both weak and high degrees. First of all, to improve visual function requires the regular intake of vitamins and trace elements. To remove the spasms, another group of medications is prescribed (iritrin, mezaton, and others). To improve the flow of blood to the brain tissues inside is taken piracetam or pentoskylline. It is also effective to conduct courses of physiotherapy. These methods of reducing a high degree include laser therapy, magnetotherapy, specialized massage of the collar area. Contact and spectacle correction is the selection in each case of contact lenses or glasses, depending on the severity of the disease. The most common in modern times are lenses that allow you to keep an active image and do not cause a complex (like when wearing glasses). With a high degree of lens lenses have thick enough edges that worsen the appearance of a person. But in some cases, the categorical lens is contraindicated. For example, they should be abandoned in the course of inflammatory processes of the eyes, with the appearance of an allergic reaction, with individual intolerance. In addition, improper care for contact lenses (rare cleaning, improper storage, excessive use) can lead to the development of various complications, including keratitis. Currently used orthokeratological glasses, which are used only at night. Of course, the peculiarity of this method of recovery is a temporary effect (albeit one hundred percent). They give a result only with mild or moderate myopia. Surgical intervention is indicated with myopia to stop the process of falling vision. This operation is usually called scleroplasty. At a high degree, the lens can be removed and replaced with a specially designed lens. Laser vision correction is the use of a laser, which carries out the necessary manipulations. This method has a number of indications and contraindications. The main contraindications for such treatment are progressive myopia, age under 18, certain eye diseases (cataracts, glaucoma, keratoconus), inflammatory processes, absence of a second eye, a thin cornea, some common diseases (autoimmune diseases, diabetes). Laser correction can have side effects, which are expressed in the form of dry eyes, the appearance of conjunctivitis, hypo- or hypercorrection.
Prevention of visual impairment
Of course, myopia high degreecauses a lot of inconvenience, therefore, mandatory correction and treatment is required. Timely appeal to a specialist allows you to prevent the flow of the disease to other degrees of severity. In the absence of treatment, irreversible reactions may occur, for example, retinal dystrophy, an uncorrected reduction in acuteness, hemorrhage, and even retinal detachment. To prevent myopia, it is advisable to follow simple rules of prevention. First of all, when reading a book or magazines, when working at a computer, when watching a TV, the distance to the eyes should not be less than the length of the outstretched arm. In no case can not be read in transport and in a supine position, as the tension of the eyes is significantly increased. It is necessary to observe and quality of illumination at visual work. This leads to the appearance of a mild degree of myopia. In the sunny season it is advisable to select and wear quality sunglasses that protect the surface of the eye from harmful ultraviolet radiation. The appearance of myopia requires a mandatory correction, which is selected not independently, but after a complete examination of the patient.
