Causes of the disease
Cervicitis can have many causes. It is caused by specific and nonspecific infections. The first include streptococci, staphylococcus, E. coli, fungi, and to the second - syphilis, chlamydia, trichomonads, gonococci, mycoplasma. Specific infections can enter the organ by contact through blood, lymph or the rectum. Nonspecific infections penetrate into the zone of sexual transformation. The cause of inflammation can be damage to the cervix during labor, abortion or frequent diagnostic curettage. The installation or removal of an intrauterine device can also lead to inflammation in the cervical region. To provoke the development of cervicitis are capable of scarring and benign neoplasms in this area. Inflammatory processes in the transformation zone rarely arise by themselves. Usually they are the companions of other diseases of the female reproductive system: vaginitis, pseudo-erosion of the cervix, vulvitis, ectropion, bartholinitis. Cervicitis is most often affected by women of childbearing age. They account for about 70% of the disease, while in the menopause and after it only 30% of the female population are at risk for this disease. Especially it is necessary to beware of this disease to pregnant women, since the causes of late delivery and miscarriages are very often inflammatory processes in the cervix. 
Symptomatology of the disease
Symptoms of the disease are quite noticeable. They are pulling pains of varying degrees of intensity in the lower abdomen (as in menstruation), purulent or mucous discharge, pain during urination. Symptom, signaling the inflammation of the cervix, can be the appearance of pain or discomfort in the performance of sexual intercourse. In rare cases, the disease in the beginning can proceed without symptoms at all, then it can be detected only during a preventive gynecological examination. Cervicitis along the course of the disease is divided into acute and chronic forms. For acute cervicitis, all the above symptoms are characteristic. In addition, when examined by a specialist, there is hyperemia and swelling in the opening of the cervical canal, small hemorrhages and sores on the mucosa. Depending on the causative agent of the disease, symptoms of inflammation of the cervix can manifest themselves in different ways. If the cervicitis is caused by gonorrhea, then it proceeds very acutely with a pronounced symptomatology. The disease caused by chlamydia can proceed without obvious signs. Trichomonas cause inflammation in the cervix in the form of small hemorrhages, when taking a smear for analysis, it displays atypical cells. With herpetic cervicitis, the entrance to the uterus becomes red and friable, covered with numerous ulcers. If acute inflammation of the cervix has not been detected in time or it has been treated incorrectly, then over time it passes into a chronic sluggish form. Vaginal discharge resembles a muddy mucus, there is a proliferation of cylindrical tissues, resulting in pseudo-erosions near the entrance to the uterus. Symptoms of cervicitis, such as edema and congestion, are poorly expressed. The danger of the chronic form of the disease is that at this time the disease spreads to nearby tissues and glands, in the focus of inflammation cysts and infiltrates are formed, the cervix of the uterus is gradually compacted. As noted above, not always during inflammation of the cervix symptoms are manifested from the very beginning of the disease. Often the disease is diagnosed already when it flows into a chronic stage. Often, a gynecologist detects cervicitis accidentally during a medical examination or while visiting a woman for other diseases, so it is so important to have gynecological check-ups every year. 
Methods for diagnosing ailment
Cervicitis is diagnosed in several ways:
- by examining the cervix with gynecological mirrors;
- when conducting colposcopy - a study that determines the emerging pathologies in the cervix;
- at delivery of analyzes on bakposev, a microspion of a smear, PTSR.
With an acute form of cervical inflammation in the smearwill contain a large number of leukocytes, histiocytes, lymphocytes, cylindrical and flat epithelium with changes. With a chronic inflammatory process, cells of cylindrical tissues acquire a different value, sometimes they are destroyed (cytolysis). Conducting a laboratory examination will make it possible to determine the type and genus of the microorganisms that caused the disease, and choose the most suitable antibiotic for treatment. To determine the structural disorders of cells and positive dynamics during the treatment, a woman is referred to the smear cytomorphology. Diagnosis of chlamydia, papillomavirus, gonorrhea, herpes, mycoplasmosis with inflammation of the cervix is possible only after special examinations: ELISA and PCR. 
Treatment and preventive methods
Modern medicine has manymethods of treatment for cervicitis. Treatment of the disease involves the appointment of a woman suffering from antibacterial and antiviral drugs, depending on the identified pathogen and the form of the disease. If the inflammation of chlamydial origin, then it is treated with antibiotics such as sumamed, erythromycin, monomycin, maksakvin, doxycycline or tarivid. When cervicitis candidiasis etymology is prescribed antifungal drug diflucan. With inflammation of the cervix, treatment is carried out and combined preparations of local action, which are released in the form of candles (terzhinan). At remission of the main symptoms of the disease, women are prescribed local treatment in the form of treatment of the vagina and cervix with solutions of chlorophyllipt, dimexide and silver nitrate. It is very difficult to treat inflammation of a viral origin. If the causative agent of cervicitis is genital herpes, then prolonged treatment with antiviral agents, immunostimulants, vitamins and antiherpetic immunoglobulin is required. Inflammatory processes in the cervix of the uterus, caused by the human papillomavirus, require treatment with cytostatics and interferons. Along with therapy, the removal of genital warts. In cervicitis of viral etymology, in order to avoid recurrent disease, targeted treatment should be performed not only by the woman, but also by her sexual partner. Drug therapy for the chronic form of the disease does not always give positive results, so it often happens with the help of surgical methods such as laser therapy, diathermocoagulation, cryotherapy. Parallel to this, the treatment of pathological diseases (functional disorders, colpitis, ectropion, salpingo-oophoritis) accompanying the disease is carried out and the normal microflora is restored. Treatment of cervicitis should be carried out under laboratory control. Given the serious consequences of cervical inflammation, women should be preventive of the disease. In order to avoid the occurrence of cervicitis, it is necessary:
- observe basic hygiene requirements;
- Do not ignore condom use during sexual intercourse;
- select reliable contraceptives to avoid abortion;
- the entire period of pregnancy be under the supervision of a doctor;
- in time to treat all endocrine disorders
- Once a year, visit the gynecologist regularly.
It is important not to forget that to prevent cervicitis orcure it at the initial stage is much easier than then for a long time to deal with its serious consequences. In no case do not seek to cure the disease by popular methods or unauthorized selection of drugs. You can achieve real healing only in the event that you will strictly follow all the prescriptions of your treating doctor.
