The problem of nicotine addiction is the most acutepresent day. Smoking jeopardizes the health of the smoker himself and his inner circle. According to statistics, between the ages of 25-65, 18% of women and 40% of men are smokers. At the same time a day men smoke 10 to 20 cigarettes, and women - about 10 cigarettes. The frequency of smoked cigarettes increases with increasing age and length of service. This indicates a persistent nicotine addiction. Treating and relieving dependence on tobacco takes a lot of time and effort. According to doctors, smoking is a habit and, to make it easier to cope with it, a smoker needs to take nicotine for some time in any form, except for a cigarette: plaster, chewing gum.

The three stages of development of this dependence

initial - smoking is systematic. At this stage there is psychological dependence;

chronic - develops physical dependence;

late - there is a psychological and physical dependence.

At the first stage, the number of smoked cigarettesis constantly growing. The smoker improves well-being, increases efficiency, he feels comfortable. The duration of this stage lasts 3-5 years. In the next stage, the number of cigarettes smoked becomes stable. The desire to smoke appears with any change in the situation, psychological or physical exertion. This stage of development lasts from 6 to 15 years. At the last stage, smoking becomes an automatic and causeless action. A sense of comfort is missing. There is a constant headache, memory worsens, appetite decreases. There is a pathology of the respiratory system and the cardiovascular system. These stages for each smoker develop individually and depend on various reasons: the beginning of use, the quality of the tobacco itself, the state of human health.

Treatment of nicotine addiction

I hope that many of you do not smoke orare going to start or have already given up. But if you are still dependent on nicotine, you probably understand that the earlier you give up this habit, the better for your health and the health of people close to you. Nicotine is one of the most dangerous plant poisons. It contains about 4000 different toxic substances. 5% of them are dangerous for the body. These are ammonia, carbon monoxide, radioactive substances, lead, arsenic, formaldehyde, hydrogen sulphide and many other dangerous compounds. Smoking leads to such serious diseases as lung cancer, chronic bronchitis and cardiovascular diseases. For example, lung cancer dies in 90% of all cases, from chronic bronchitis - in 75% and from heart disease - in 25% of cases. Nicotine affects the walls of the vessels, which leads to the development of atherosclerosis and other vascular diseases.

Types of therapy

Help get rid of addictiontherapy. The main reason why people continue to smoke is nicotine addiction. Dependence is expressed in the desire to smoke, even realizing all the consequences of this occupation for health. Various types of therapy are used to treat dependence.

• An effective method of treating dependence on nicotine- nicotine replacement therapy. The essence is to facilitate the process of removing dependence and destroying the logical connection between the cigarette and the pleasure of smoking in the smoker's mind. It is the most progressive method in the treatment of tobacco dependence and is based on the use of pure nicotine with a gradual reduction in the dose to 0. Nicotine is thus absorbed more slowly compared to the cigarette. The essence of this method is to help every smoker to get rid of nicotine addiction taking into account his features and lifestyle.
• aversion therapy - with its help is achievedaversion to tobacco. Used solutions of silver nitrate, tannin for mouthwash or anabasine for intramuscular injections for about 10-14 days.
• symptomatic therapy - treatment of symptomsdisease without affecting the underlying cause and mechanisms of its development. The goal is to alleviate the suffering of the patient. Used sleeping pills, heart and painkillers.

It was proved that the use of medicinesdoubles efficiency and helps to get rid of addiction. These include Nicorette in the form of chewing gum, Nikoderm in the form of a patch and Nicotrol in the form of a spray. The patch is most convenient to use than a spray or chewing gum, and it helps you to get rid of smoking much better, but it takes more time for nicotine to enter the body. The average duration of medication is from 2 to 3 months. Antidepressants can also be used in the treatment of nicotine addiction. One such drug is bupropion. It does not contain nicotine and is widely used in the treatment of nicotine addiction. Its effect is associated with the influence on such brain structures on which the formation of nicotine dependence depends. This drug helps to overcome depression, decreased attention, irritability and nervousness. Side effects are headache and dry mouth. The effectiveness of this drug is much higher than that of the patch. Also prescribed drugs that cause aversion to tobacco, to prevent a return to smoking and sedatives: valerian, motherwort or other soothing herbs. Some drugs may cause lethargy, drowsiness, memory impairment and attention. To improve the condition, you can take drugs aimed at improving metabolism and other body functions. According to statistics, almost 70% of people claim that they would like to get rid of smoking, but they can not do it themselves. Therefore, more and more hopes are placed on drug therapy. The positive effect of therapy is based on the desire of the person to get rid of this habit, as well as the support of people around him. According to statistics, men give in to treatment better than women.

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