parturition Every future mother looks forward to the appearanceto the light of a small miracle. She is preparing to meet with the baby face to face for as long as 9 months. However, many women are haunted by the fear of childbirth. It can be avoided if everything is clear and prepared beforehand. You should know how the childbirth is going, how to ease the bouts, what to take with you to the hospital. It is necessary to remember that childbirth is a unique process. For every woman, they pass in different ways. However, there are, of course, common points. Births are divided into stages. beginning of labor

Start of labor

Everything happens gradually. During the 9th month of pregnancy, the body is actively preparing for the forthcoming birth. The placenta begins to change the hormonal background, various physiological processes are being reconstructed. All this leads to the launch of labor. Approximately 1-7 days before the appearance of the fetus, the mucous plug should depart. It can go out as a part, and immediately at once. It is brown or beige in color, sometimes with veins of blood. In consistence, it is a lump of mucus. The birth itself can begin with the passage of water, and immediately with fights. Departure of amniotic fluid is a painless process. This happens when the fetal bladder bursts. It can rupture relatively far from the cervix. In this case, the water flows gradually. Or the bubble bursts next to the cervix. Then the waters leave a continuous stream. If this happens, you should immediately go to the hospital. The fact is that after the water has passed, the baby in the uterus cavity no longer has protection from bacteria from the cervix and vagina. After the breakthrough of the bladder, a woman should give birth within 12 hours. It is also necessary to pay attention to the color and structure of the liquid. Ideally, amniotic fluid should be clean and transparent without any odors. If the liquid has a green or black hue, the child may have oxygen starvation. The worst option is that the amniotic fluid comes with an admixture of blood. In this case, it is urgent to call an ambulance: there was a detachment of the placenta and the life of the baby under threat. Contractions are contractions of the muscles of the uterus. They lead to the opening of the cervix and the expulsion of the fetus. The contractions are felt throughout the abdomen. In between, the muscles are relaxed. Sometimes the onset of labor is difficult to determine. Painful sensations are almost not felt, a break between cuts more than half an hour. The duration of the first bouts takes 5-10 seconds. Gradually the intensity and duration of contractions increases, breaks between them become smaller. expulsion of the fetus

How to reduce pain?

Over time, the pain increases. This is due to the beginning of the opening of the cervix. Uterine ligaments tighten and contract, nerve endings are squeezed. So there is pain in the bouts. Sometimes the first unpleasant sensations appear in the lumbar region or in the lower abdomen. Many women note that at the beginning of the pain in the bouts are very similar to menstrual. Contractions go as follows: starting from the upper point of the uterus, the muscles begin to contract. Then the contraction of the muscles goes on to the bottom of the abdomen. The intensity of the bout gradually increases and reaches its peak, which lasts about 2-3 seconds. Then the muscles relax, the contractions pass, and the pain recedes for a time. To relieve the unpleasant sensations, a woman needs to take the most comfortable position: lying on her side, getting on all fours, etc. However, to speed up the process of childbirth, there are forces to walk better. When the fight begins, it is desirable to massage the lower abdomen with stroking movements. You can also loosen your lower back with your fists. Or massage the back of the spine from the coccyx to the neck. However, to carry out such manipulations, an assistant is required. Water - a wonderful analgesic for fighting. It helps to soothe the pain of a warm shower or even a bath. However, not all maternity hospitals can provide women with similar amenities. As a rule, everything is limited to the shower before transferring to the prenatal department. An important point is the respiratory technique. Oxygen, getting into the blood, partially neutralizes substances that cause pain. The more air gets into the lungs, the easier it will be for a woman. When fighting, you need to breathe often, inhale through your nose, and exhale through your mouth. In between breaks, it is necessary to try to rest and draw strength to the next wave. Also need to follow the clock for the intervals and intensity of uterine contractions. It is necessary to observe how the fights are going. Disclosure of the cervix is ​​the longest and most painful period of labor. It can last for primiparous women up to 10 hours or more. Gradually, the period of labor increases to 1.5 minutes, and the interval between them is reduced to 1 minute. late stage of labor

Exile of the fetus

The next period of labor is the expulsion of the fetus. Under the action of contractions, the cervix should open 10 cm. Then the fetal head descends and passes to the pelvic floor. At this stage, attempts are added to the fights. They represent contractions of the muscles of the diaphragm and the press. Thanks to them, it is possible to increase intra-abdominal pressure, and the child can move further along the birth canal. Attempts differ from fights by the fact that a woman is able to control them: to restrain or reinforce, on the contrary. It is very important to listen to a doctor during this period. It is he who sees the whole process and knows when to strengthen efforts, in other words, to push. If you act on your own, you can hurt yourself and your child. When necessary, the doctor makes a perineal incision. A similar operation is called episiotomy. It helps to avoid gaps in the birth canal. After the placenta retreats, a seam is applied to the incision. In this case, apply local or general anesthesia, depending on the degree of tissue damage. And after so many tortures in the birth canal shows the head of the baby. A few more attempts - and the long-awaited miracle will finally happen. When a child is born, he must scream: this is a natural reaction. A woman after the appearance of a baby feels a great relief. The pain recedes. The child is put on the stomach to the mother. This is the first physical contact "skin to skin". If there are no contraindications, the baby is put to the chest, and he sucks a few priceless drops of colostrum. However, this is not all. The birth has not yet passed. The baby and the woman are still connected to each other by one umbilical cord. It must be cut. This is a painless process, since there are no painful receptors in the umbilical cord. Then the baby is examined by a neonatologist (a doctor for newborns). The child is weighed, measured, swaddled.

Birth of the placenta

The child was already born, however, weak fights allthere is also. They are necessary to separate the placenta from the walls of the uterus and expel it. A couple of light attempts - and a rebirth. This is the final stage of labor. It lasts from 5 to 30 minutes. Only now the birth of the woman is over. After the birth of the baby, the uterus will be cleared about 1-2 months. This process is accompanied by bloody discharge, similar to the monthly ones. If the blood goes too abundant or the cleansing period lasts more than 2 months, you should consult your doctor. Now you know how to give birth. In order to feel confident and childbirth could go without complications, it is advisable to get acquainted with the doctors of the maternity home in advance and prepare the necessary things. A woman will need:

  • documentation;
  • clean clothes;
  • robe and nightdress;
  • slippers;
  • personal hygiene products (toothbrush, soap, hairbrush, shampoo, toilet paper, etc.);
  • gaskets;
  • towel;
  • disposable diapers;
  • phone.

Usually in the maternity hospital, photo and video shooting is allowed. Those wishing to take pictures of the child immediately after the birth can take with them a camera or a video camera. Here, perhaps, that's all. If you prepare in advance, the woman will feel at the maternity hospital well and comfortably.

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