What are the proper hygiene measures?
Gums and teeth, constantly in contact with food,exposed to its effects. Not regularly hygienic requirements, they become very vulnerable and can not resist such an impact on their own. Correctly executed procedures help to successfully combat this problem. They include the following:
- brushing teeth with a toothbrush and paste, performed very carefully;
- mouth rinsing after each meal;
- care for the spaces between the teeth.
It is advisable to brush your teeth every time after a meal. If this is not possible, you can rinse the mouth with cool water or a specially designed rinse aid, which can be purchased at a pharmacy or store. If there is no such possibility, you can use chewing gum. The food consumed today is poor in natural products, vitamins and, as a rule, is cooked. In addition, its composition contains a large number of preservatives and various additives that adversely affect the body as a whole and the condition of the organs and tissues of the mouth, in particular. Such food can not promote self-cleaning of the oral cavity, since very small loads on the teeth and tissues located next. Consequently, the human task is to provide such activities that will contribute to the removal of food remains and the destruction of microorganisms and bacteria that contribute to decay and the formation of plaque and stone. 
Plaque is the cause of caries formation
Plaque is formed in those zones, inwhich accumulate food residues. Accumulating, he eventually begins to lead a microbial attack against the gums and tooth enamel. Therefore, it must be constantly cleaned. Especially active dental plaque appears in places of close contact of the teeth, in the opening of the salivary duct, between the teeth and on the gums. Active spread of plaque occurs in the depressions and fossae of molars, canines and incisors and in the area of the neck of the tooth. Where the occurrence of plaque is particularly deep, and with a close fit to the tooth enamel, the so-called dental plaque occurs, which fuses with the tissue, resulting in the formation of caries under it. Bacteria are rapidly developing and multiplying in food residues. The acids released during this process lead to the demineralization process, destroying and removing such substances useful for the teeth as phosphorus, calcium and other minerals from the body. As a result, the tooth enamel becomes thinner, leading to the formation of cavities and, then, to caries, which is very dangerous for the body. He can carry an infection by blood, which is especially dangerous for pregnant women. Therefore, during pregnancy, a visit to the dentist is mandatory. To ensure that the oral cavity is always in good condition, providing health to the teeth and gums, regular oral hygiene is needed. Beginning of hygiene procedures Very important for oral health is the instruction of a child from early childhood to care for her. Dentists believe that it is necessary to perform hygiene procedures from the age of two, starting with the simplest: rinsing the mouth after eating, especially after sweet food (sweets, chocolates, cakes). Gradually the baby should be accustomed to the procedure of cleaning the teeth, teaching him to do it right. It is necessary to inspire the child that this procedure is useful and vital. Parents should set an example for children. After all, they are the authority for their baby, and he tries to imitate them in everything. Brushing your teeth is necessary. Ideally - after each meal or at least, if there is no such possibility, 2 times a day: in the morning and in the evening before going to bed for at least 3 minutes. The process of cleaning the upper teeth occurs from top to bottom, and bottom - from the bottom up. It is also necessary to clean the back of the teeth. Since the main role in this procedure is the brush, you need to pay special attention to its selection and change every 2 to 3 months. Professionals are advised to purchase a toothbrush made of artificial bristles. To facilitate manipulation in the mouth, it should be small in size. It is not recommended after it is brought from the store, pour it with boiling water before use. It is enough to wash it with ordinary water. Efficiency of application of electric toothbrushes is proved. It rotates at a high speed (3000 rpm), so there is no need to adhere to special methods for cleaning teeth when using it. Of course, at a cost they surpass conventional toothbrushes, but have a much longer life. Pasta with hygienic procedures does not play a major role, but is used as an additional tool with a deodorizing, antimicrobial and refreshing effect. Do not use it in large quantities. For children it is recommended to choose a special baby paste with a low degree of abrasiveness. For one tooth cleaning, a small amount of toothpaste is sufficient. In terms of its volume, it must match the size of a pea. Rinsers for the oral cavity are by no means a substitute for the procedure for cleaning teeth, and children up to school age are prohibited because of the high content of fluoride in them. 
Toothbrush: rules of choice The toothbrush belongs to the leading role in the implementation of preventive hygiene procedures. The modern market offers a large number of different types that perform different functions. But often, choosing a toothbrush, people are guided by advertising, which is saturated with television programs. The right choice can be made, based on the recommendations of health authorities, who do not recommend using brushes from natural bristles because of the accumulation of bacteria in their villi. The best are brushes made of artificial bristles of different lengths, arranged in 3 rows. This rational arrangement helps to clean the teeth in all areas and massage the gums. For the easiest slip, sometimes the bristles are made with a serrated edge. In order to conveniently clean the hard-to-reach areas in the mouth, a flexible tip is used. The design of some models provides for a pad under the thumb, which has an anti-slip effect. The handle of the toothbrush should be so long and comfortable to provide a comfortable cleaning of teeth in all areas, including distant ones. Toothbrushes are of 3 types of hardness: soft, medium and hard. Dentists recommend using the averages, making cleaning with confident movements with pressure. If this causes pain in the gums or bleeding from them, you need to replace the middle brush with a soft one. The toothbrush should be properly stored and carefully looked after, not forgetting that it should be changed in time. After brushing your teeth, the brush should be rinsed well with soap and allow it to dry completely. In addition to conventional toothbrushes, you can use dental floss, balsam or rinse. 
Features of the choice of toothpaste Hygienicactivities are impossible without the use of toothpaste or powder, which, although they do not play a dominant role, but increase the effectiveness of the preventive procedures that are being carried out. They include various useful components, which must be specified on the packaging. The modern market offers a huge variety of types of toothpastes for various purposes: disinfectant, whitening, protecting from the appearance of plaque. But all of them are more or less abrasive and contain silicates, calcium carbonate or other substances with the same effect. To remove more effectively the leftover food in hard-to-reach places help foaming agents. Virtually all toothpastes contain fluoride in the form of calcium fluoride, sodium fluoride and the like. Such toothpastes are the most popular, and therefore in demand, accelerating the process of calcium transfer from saliva to tooth enamel. Dentists call for a careful study of the composition of the paste, especially the fluoride content in it. If it exceeds 1500 mcg, use such a paste for daily use is strictly contraindicated. For children, the use of such a paste is very dangerous, so they should only use children's paste. To ensure that the teeth are always white and shiny, the use of whitening pastes is recommended. Especially they are popular with smokers and tea and coffee lovers. Such pastes in their composition contain polymers, phosphates and silica and, if used regularly, can remove stains on the teeth. However, toothpastes with a whitening effect can be used only after consultation with the doctor and with great care. People who want to have snow-white teeth can undergo a procedure for teeth whitening in a dental clinic. A good preventive effect can be achieved by using therapeutic pastes containing various useful components. They not only help to remove plaque, but also freshen breath. Hygiene of the oral cavity should be observed when using dentures. Although its basic rules are the same for both artificial and natural teeth.
