Outside the window is summer, which brings people a lotpositive emotions - the sea, the sun, trips to the country, nature. Yes, you never know what you can think of in the summer? However, summer, in addition to all its charms, unfortunately, presents unpleasant surprises. And to know what first aid for insect bites is just necessary. For example, bites of insects. It would seem that a simple petty annoying trouble, which is not worth it to pay attention to it. However, sometimes even the bites of simple mosquitoes can deliver many unpleasant minutes. And if mosquitoes have bitten the child, the consequences can be more serious than the ordinary itchy blisters. Allergy to insect bites in children is common. Well, if it's not about mosquito bites, the consequences can be most unpredictable. Below we will talk about the types of insect bites, their consequences and treatment. Perhaps, many of you will object that not all of the insects described below are found on the territory of Russia. However, do not forget that on holidays in the most prestigious resorts, no one is immune from the fact that the bites of poisonous insects will bypass them. This is exactly what will be discussed in this article. It will address such issues as what to do with the bite of insects, what are the consequences and complications. The bites of many insects, such as Hymenoptera, bedbugs, deer and horse flies, can cause a very severe reaction in people with a weakened immune system. In addition, the bites of insects in children cause the development of quite severe toxic reactions of the body. These toxic reactions can threaten not only health, but also human life. However, it should be noted that insect bites lead to a lethal outcome much less often than bites of poisonous hymenoptera insects. But in any case, insect bites require treatment, and sometimes quite serious.
Bites of Hymenoptera
To the hymenopteran insects scientists attributeso familiar to us bumblebees, bees, wasps and hornets. Each of us has been bitten by a wasp or bee at least once in a lifetime, so it's not hard to imagine what it is like. Insect bites have the following symptoms:
- A sharp pain at the time of the insect bite.
- Redness of the skin in the bite.
- It is also very often possible the appearance of edema at the site of the bite and around it - the bites of insects swelling are caused very often.
- Almost always bitten place itches.
However, the easiest response to bites is described aboveHymenoptera insects, which does not require medical intervention. However, such a reaction is not always, to great regret. In order to notice the complication in time and to prevent disasters, every person should know the typical possible reactions of the human body to the bites of the Hymenoptera. This knowledge is very valuable, because they can save not only your life, but also the life of people around you. The main types of reactions that arise in response to the bite of Hymenoptera are described below:
- Local body reaction.
A local reaction is called skin reaction in placean insect bite. If a person has a predisposition to allergic reactions to the bites of these insects, the tissue at the site of the bite is largely swollen for a fairly long time. The skin looks reddened, the touch is hot enough, sharply pronounced soreness when touched. Such a severe form of local reaction to bee or wasp stings often involves those joints that are in close proximity to the localization of the bite in the strongest inflammatory process. The extent to which the consequences of the local body's reaction to bites will be serious depends to a greater extent on the location of the bites. So, for example, if a person becomes a wasp or a bee, he will get a strong swelling of the foot, which will bring a lot of unpleasant minutes, but will not be deadly. However, if a person does not notice on an apple or other food, and the bite is in the larynx or oral cavity, the consequences in the absence of timely medical will be much more difficult. In particular, such localization of the bite often leads to obstruction (edema) of the larynx and even bronchi. Than this can end - it is clear to people who do not have medical education. If the insect has stung a person in the eye area, especially the eyelid, the consequence may be a partial or complete loss of vision as a result of development in the bitten person of the perforation of the eyeball, inflammation of the lens, capsular cataract. If you seek medical help on time, you can significantly reduce the risk of such complications.
- Toxic reactions of the body to the bites of Hymenoptera insects.
If a person has a bee or a wasp not bitten by one and nottwo times, and a whole series of bites, there is a very high chance of developing a response toxic reaction of the body. The affected person has a violent local reaction that was described a little higher, and in addition a number of symptoms of intoxication (poisoning) of the body, such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, possibly a fever and even loss of consciousness. In the event that the body of the injured person has a particularly high sensitivity of the body to the bites of bees, the above symptoms are often associated with severe headache, tremors and muscle spasms, and even convulsions. With timely treatment, the symptoms of a toxic reaction disappear after a day.
- Anaphylactic reaction of the human body.
Anaphylactic, or as it is oftencalled, the systemic reaction of the human body to the bites of Hymenoptera insects. Such reactions can be very different - from the lungs to the lethal ones within a few minutes after the bite. As a rule, we can assume how violent the reaction of the organism to the insect bite will be. As a rule, the faster the onset of the first symptoms begins, the more pronounced they will be, the harder the reaction will be. At the very beginning of a person there is an itch of the eyes, lacrimation, swelling of the face. After them, a rash appears on the body of a bitten person, similar to a burn from nettles, as well as a dry cough. If immediate not to provide medical assistance to the victim, more and more new symptoms will develop, such as abdominal cramps, severe exhausting vomiting, cyanosis, the wheezing of the larynx spasm and even pulmonary edema. In especially severe cases, bloody sputum is isolated, an involuntary act of urination and defecation, shock and death. On average, a lethal outcome occurs in 30 to 40 minutes, and very rarely - within 3 to 5 minutes. Remember that often the ordinary local reaction can very quickly progress and flow into anaphylactic shock. It is very difficult to determine on its own how the reaction to the bee sting really is. That is why when the first symptoms appear, immediately call an ambulance or deliver the injured person to a medical institution on their own, without looking at the fact that the child was bitten by a bee or an adult. And stings of stinging insects are quite heavy.
- The late reaction of the human body to an insect bite.
Sometimes a man is bitten by wasps or bees, he rubsthe place of the bite and forgets about the bite. And after 10 to 14 days a person begins to complain of a fever, rash, headache, inflammation of the lymph nodes and general malaise. It never occurs to anybody to associate this malaise and insect bite with each other. And instead of looking for the cause of malaise, you need to remember how to treat insect bites.
Preventing bee stings
At the very beginning it is necessary to give one simple, butvery important advice. If you stumble upon a bee swarm, do not make any sharp movements at all - the most common mistake is to start waving. Thus, you will only attract the attention of insects. Try to quickly leave the place of the bee congestion, as far as possible leaving through dense vegetation - for example, shrubs. Do not kill the beetle or bee, in the immediate vicinity of their relatives. The crushed insect secretes special substances, which lead to swarms into a real rage. By doing this, you expose yourself to the risk of attack by other insects. In the area of living quarters and outbuildings every spring, it is necessary to do a thorough survey of the territory, in order to identify aspen and bee nests. These nests must be destroyed regularly, as they appear, until the frost. However, keep in mind that such work entails a certain risk of being bitten, so it is better to entrust this work to special insect control companies. And in the event that in your locality there are no such companies, then a person who obviously does not have a tendency to allergic reactions to bites of Hymenoptera insects. If you suffer from allergic reactions to bee stings, in any case, when traveling outside the city, do not succumb to the temptation to go barefoot on the grass - often bees or wasps are in it. No need to expose yourself to the additional risk of an insect bite. There is another little trick, which is to choose the right clothes for trips outside the city. Try to avoid garments of bright colors, but give preference to neutral tones - green, beige, white. Bright colors of clothes attract insects. Also, Hymenoptera insects often attract different smells of perfume. Try not to use after shave lotions, shampoos with a pungent smell, perfume, toilet water before going out of town. This also significantly reduces the risk of a bee sting. If you often go to the country or village, work in the garden or garden, wear clothes that cover your hands and feet. When choosing clothes, try to avoid clothes with a lot of folds, which can entangle an insect. Remember that clothing made of leather and suede can fury hymenoptera. If a person is allergic to bites of Hymenoptera, he should not mow the grass, collect flowers. They should also be very careful during picnics in nature, as well as near fruit trees, especially if there are spoiled fruit under them. 
First aid with the bite of bees
As already clear from the above, all cases of roughthe body's response to the bite of the hymenoptera mechanisms should be treated by doctors. However, a very rarely injured person bees or wasps are bitten in the hospital waiting room. Therefore, emergency assistance with insect bites should be provided immediately and at the site of the accident. First aid for insect bites should be as follows:
Flies and mosquitoes bites
As is known, wasps and bees are far from beingThe only insects whose bites can cause serious complications. The next most frequent are mosquitoes. Mosquitoes belong to the detachment of small bloodsucking insects. They live mainly in southern regions with a dry and hot climate. The main danger of mosquito bites is the risk of transferring infections such as bartonella, fever and malaria. The most active mosquitoes in the evening, on the eve of sunset. Most mosquitoes bite a person on the street, but sometimes mosquitoes penetrate through the open windows and doors into the room. At the site of the mosquito bite, an itchy blister always appears, painful when it is palpated. Numerous bites have a very negative effect on the general state of the human body. The most sensitive to mosquito bites are children. Often, as a result of the penetration of toxic substances contained in the saliva of mosquitoes into the human body, the person develops hypersensitivity and, as a result, appears phlebotoderma, also known as itching dermatitis. In addition to this disease, mosquito bites can lead to the development of allergic urticaria. In this case, the disease on the face, hands and feet, there are itching blisters of pink color, containing a liquid inside. After 2 - 3 weeks the disease passes by itself, without causing any damage to human health. And in the first and second cases, it is possible to alleviate the condition of the injured person in the following way: the patient must ensure a constant stay in a cool room, a cool shower, sparing anti-allergic diet. On the blisters it is necessary to apply any gel from insect bites, designed to reduce itching. However, mosquito bites often cause a rather serious reaction of the body to many people. These reactions, as well as the reaction to bee stings, are divided into two subspecies:
- Immediate reaction.
Immediate response of the human body tothe mosquito's bite is usually manifested by the reddening of the skin in places of bites, the appearance of blisters and painful sensations. As a rule, the symptoms of immediate reaction disappear very quickly.
- Prolonged reaction.
The manifestation of prolonged reactionscharacterized by pronounced swelling, severe rashes, fevers, symptoms of intoxication - nausea and vomiting. In particularly severe cases, the appearance of necrosis of the skin. No less annoying villagers and mushroom pickers are bloodsucking insects, such as flies, flies, gadflies. Although, in fairness, it should be noted that the bites of these insects very rarely cause such complications as bites of Hymenoptera insects. However, often the bites of blood-sucking insects cause allergic reactions. And the allergic reaction to insect bites proceeds in all in its own way.
Mosquito bites
Unfortunately, mosquito bites are often notpeople are taken seriously and, as a consequence, almost always the places of bites remain untreated. However, this can result in various complications, because mosquitoes are often carriers of various diseases. Most susceptible to infections is the children's body, so parents, noticing that their baby has a mosquito bite, should immediately treat it with either alcohol solution or a solution of brilliant green, simply speaking - a green. Also, in children much more often than in adults, there are allergic reactions to mosquito bites, and they also occur in a more pronounced form. Very often the baby becomes like a balloon after a day at the dacha. In order to reduce such allergic manifestations, parents can take advantage of such antiallergic drugs as fenistil or zirtek. In order to alleviate the condition of the baby and reduce the itch from insect bites, which so worries him, you can use fenistil ointment. If medications are not at hand, you can use the old folk way - lotions with soda. To do this, you need to prepare a soda solution at a rate of one tablespoon per cup of warm boiled water. There is also folk ointment from insect bites, which is very easy to prepare - for this you need to melt 100 grams of butter in a water bath, add a half of a bottle of Vietnamese balsam "star", mix thoroughly and place it in a glass container. Store the ointment in a refrigerator, using as needed.
Snake bites
When traveling out of town, a person may lie in waitanother danger is the snake's bite. A large number of varieties of snakes are found throughout the territory of Russia, which have such a strong poison that can cause significant harm to human health and even lead to death. The snake's bite is much more dangerous than the bite of insects and even spiders. However, it must be said that the view that all venomous snakes are very aggressive and the first to attack a person is erroneous. In fact, snakes are never the first to attack people, but only if the person has disturbed the snake. And even if a person passes in the immediate vicinity of the snake, she will prefer to crawl away, but not to attack. And only if a person steps on the snake, it can attack and bite it. However, this happens, and it happens quite often. Timely and properly rendered medical assistance with a snake bite can save human life. But before embarking on medical care, it is necessary to make sure that the person was really bitten by a poisonous snake. In the event that a person has been bitten by a non-venomous snake, two rows of thin scratches of a small size left by snake teeth can be found at the site of the bite. In the same case, if the bite was inflicted by a venomous snake, there are also two scratches of teeth on the site of the bite, but at the end of the strips there will be a clear and deep puncture from the canines. Also the bite of a poisonous snake has the following symptoms:
- As already mentioned above, there should be two scratches on the site of the snake bite with punctures from the canine teeth at the end.
- At the site of the snake bite, the affected person experiences severe pain, and a significant swelling forms around the bite.
- At the injured person such symptoms as nausea, vomiting, a feverish symptom, a strong muscular weakness very quickly accrue.
- Almost always a person bitten by a snake feels the release of cold sticky sweat.
- No less indicative sign of a bite of a venomous snake is the appearance of the so-called "double vision" in the eyes.
- Depending on which snake bites a person, there may be a significant difficulty in breathing.
In the event that you or someone near youbitten by a snake, the most important thing to do is to try to calm down and send someone for medical help. Before the arrival of the ambulance brigade, you need to do the following:
- In order to maximally limit the spread of poison in the body of the victim, limit his mobility.
- If the snake bites the leg, it should be slightly raised, if it is necessary to fix the hand in the arm, it is necessary to bend it in a bent position.
- Immediately after the snake bit a person,it is necessary to begin to suck off the snake venom from the wound with the mouth. To do this, it is necessary to squeeze the surrounding tissue with the teeth and, lightly squeezing them, begin to suck the poison, regularly spitting it. Thus, it is possible to remove up to 50% of all the poison that has got into the body, which greatly facilitates the condition of the injured person. Do not be afraid that the poison will enter your body.
- After the poison from the wound has been removed, the wound should be disinfected with any available means at your disposal.
- After this, always apply a tight pressure bandage. However, do not forget as the edema increases, weaken the bandage.
- Before the ambulance arrives, the patient must be wrapped up and given him a large amount of drink.
There are also a number of things that you can not do under a snake bite, because in this way you can only harm the injured person:
- Do not cut the bite. They will not help to prevent the absorption of poison, but it can be highly likely to cause infection of the wound.
- Whatever it was, burn the wound from the snake bite. By such a measure, you will only deliver additional pain to the injured person. The teeth of the snake are arranged in such a way that the poison penetrates into the tissues approximately to a depth of one centimeter. Therefore, cauterization does not give anything at all, except for additional trauma to the skin.
- Apply a tourniquet above the bite site. Thus, it is simply impossible to finish the improvement, but there can be very significant deterioration of the state right up to a lethal outcome.
- Give the affected person alcoholic beverages. Alcohol is not only not an antidote, but, on the contrary, it makes it much more difficult to remove snake venom from the human body, several times enhancing its negative impact.
Apply a tourniquet above the bite site. Applying a tourniquet to the affected limb worsens the condition of the victim and increases the possibility of a fatal outcome. And finally I would like to add - remember that this article describes only the general types of reactions to the bites of insects and snakes, as well as the standard methods of first aid. However, in each case individual reactions of the organism are possible, often completely unpredictable. Therefore, if you notice something amiss, immediately apply for qualified medical help - after all, the bites of poisonous snakes and insects are very dangerous for human health and life. And to predict what the consequences of insect bites will be, is almost impossible. And remember - it is much more effective to prevent all kinds of bites than to fight their consequences later. Indeed, in our time on the shelves of pharmacies a huge choice. And to get money from the bites of insects will not be difficult. Any cream from insect bites is able to reliably protect you and your loved ones. If you take all the necessary precautions, your summer will not be overshadowed by any small annoying phenomena in the form of gnats and wasps.
