Autism. This phenomenon was heard for sure by all the parents without exception, however, until the problem touches them personally, it is unlikely that anyone will go into details: autism, what is it? However, unfortunately, this problem has recently been encountered more and more often, and accessible information that will be understood by parents who do not have medical education is still too early. It is for these parents that this article is intended. It briefly, but it is available to describe all those symptoms and abnormalities in the behavior of the child that are characteristic of nursing, as well as the basic principles of working with such a group of children. Do not forget that the intensity or severity of a violation can be different for different children. But, nevertheless, there are certain common difficulties.
Social relationships
The first and main sign of this autismis a violation of the child's ability to interact with the society, and simply communicate, often even with his parents. Similar problems arise from various small nuances. For example, it is extremely difficult for such children to learn even the most basic, almost innate, skills of non-verbal communication - eye contact, body position and facial expressions. Such children even visually very much stand out from the total mass of children. In addition, very often, in almost all cases, parents and teachers working with similar children, note the fact that a child suffering from a disease can not establish contact with his peers, and even about friendly relations and do not have to say. Yes, and the children themselves try to avoid communication with such a strange, in their view a toddler whose behavior is absolutely incomprehensible to them, because of their age. In addition, very often teachers may suspect a child's violation, based on observations of his behavior. Typically, these children do not know how to empathize at all, and calmly step over the fallen and weeping pain of the peer, not paying the slightest attention to him. But do not think that the child is doing it spitefully, in fact, everything is very simple - it is very difficult for children suffering from a violation, and sometimes it is impossible at all, to understand and understand the experiences and feelings of all other people. No less significant indicator of the presence of autism is the child's speech. In the event that a child suffers from autism, he begins to talk much later than his peers, and often never even begins to speak. Doctors say that about 45% of all children with autism will never learn to talk at all. But even if the child learns to talk, dialogue will be extremely difficult for him. To support any conversation is a real feat on the part of a child suffering from autism. And from adults, this conversation requires a lot of patience, tact and understanding of the peculiarities of the psyche of such children. In addition, children with autism are characterized by extremely stereotyped and monotonous language use. For example, a child may suffer from such a disorder as echolahia - a constant repetition of the same phrase or the meaningless word combination he heard and for some reason he can understand, which he remembered. In addition, another extremely serious obstacle in a normal dialogue is the extremely difficult understanding of one's interlocutor. For example, children who are autistic, almost unable to understand that their interlocutor can joke during the conversation. All he said is understood too literally, and the hidden meaning of the child due to his disease simply does not understand.
- Features of concentration of the child's attention
For children with autism, it is very typicala very unusual concentration on those or other parts of one whole. This is especially typical for young children - for example, instead of playing with a doll, a child can only play with her hands or dress. Strictly speaking, the behavior of older children often traces the same trend - children are extremely addicted to strictly defined themes - with any video games, car wheels or maps. Incidentally, the acute need for stability and monotony is a compulsory companion of all cases of autism. The child performs all his actions in a strict, customary manner - for example, he always first bites bread, and only then sends a spoonful of soup to his mouth, or first puts on his shoes, and only after that - a hat. And even the road to a kindergarten or school must be strictly defined - along the same route. 
The earliest symptoms of the disease
As a rule, despite the fact that thisthe disease is a congenital disorder, it is almost impossible to diagnose it in infancy. But it is parents or other adults who take care of such a baby, and can suspect autism, the symptoms of which are described further. As a rule, for the first time parents begin to worry when they find out that their baby does not like to be hugged, and in every way opposes these actions. Later, parents can pay attention to the fact that the child does not show any interest in games that criminals always like, for example, in "ku-ku." Especially often these parents are paying attention to these oddities, who already have an older child and roughly represent how the child's growing period should go. In addition, often the cause for anxiety and treatment to the doctor are speech and hearing baby. The child can, in the opinion of the parents, feel very uncomfortable hearing general sounds, but some of them - for example, the sound of a vacuum cleaner or a car signal, they hear perfectly. Even with the speech there are sometimes strange things that happen to happen at the parents' point of view - the child seemed to have learned to talk, but suddenly he stopped talking for no reason, and from him it became impossible to achieve a single word. It is very important, having noticed these symptoms, not to brush off them, naively believing that the problem will disappear on their own. Yes, and write off all these oddities on the individual characteristics of the nature of the baby is also unreasonable. In this case, the only correct solution will be a referral to a doctor who is able to provide your child with the necessary professional assistance. Numerous observations of doctors - pediatricians and child psychologists indicate that the timely begun intensive treatment of such children with autism, brings an extremely effective result. Despite the very widespread misconception that a child with autism is doomed to spend his entire life in his own world and, accordingly, completely isolated from society, such cases are extremely rare and extremely rare. And the sooner the disease is discovered and the corresponding corrective treatment is started, the higher the chances of the child to live a full life.
Symptoms of the disease in adolescents
Rarely, but there are stillSituations in which signs of autism appear only in adolescence. And those children, whose diagnosis was known for a long time, in adolescence may experience much more problems than before. Despite the fact that most of the children with autism have already a huge amount of knowledge and skills to adolescence, the problem with communication still remains - the child is extremely difficult to express his thoughts, as, indeed, to perceive and comprehend the thoughts of the interlocutor. In addition, parents should not forget about the act that it is during adolescence that the process of puberty is actively proceeding. And the presence of the child's autism by no means cancels the hormonal restructuring in his body. This life period is extremely difficult even for healthy adolescents, and what to say about children who suffer from autism. From parents in this period will require a lot of patience and endurance - because their help is extremely important for a child suffering from autism. Such "special" adolescents during puberty need special attention from children's psychologists and doctors. It is at this age that a teenager with autism often has a very high risk of developing problems that are associated with various fears and phobias, irritability, aggression and depression. And the solution of possible problems for this group of children is much more complex and lengthy process than in healthy adolescents. That is why it is extremely important to timely notice the problem and immediately take the necessary measures. 
Sensory-integrative dysfunction
Almost all children suffering from thisa disorder that interferes with sensory-integrative dysfunction. This violation is characterized by the fact that the sick child is not able to properly process the information that enters his brain with sensory stimulation. This type of violation is quite specific.
- The child either very quickly begins to experience a feeling of fatigue, or, on the contrary, is in continuous motion. Most often these two states alternate.
- When you touch this child, he shudders, as if frightened of anything.
- Children may experience hypersensitivity to various odors.
- An increased demand is made for those materials from which their clothes are sewn, agreeing to wear only one that is made of very soft and delicate fabric.
- The spirit does not tolerate stained hands.
- Some children can be extremely clumsy and clumsy.
- Almost all children with these disorders have an extremely irregular posture.
- The fine motor skills of such children are also extremely badly developed - they handle with great difficulty small objects - buttons, laces, small toys.
- They also have a very high sensitivity to sound. Some children, with the sound, for example, of a vacuum cleaner or a hair dryer, are able to fall into a real hysterics, so much so that he irritates them.
Treatment of the disease
Treatment of autism is complex and complexprocess. In the treatment of a child, both the medicamental component and the work of children's educators and psychologists are equally important. Yes, and on the shoulders of parents is a very difficult task - their participation plays no less, and perhaps a greater role. The main task of parents is to very clearly fulfill all the recommendations and appointments, both treating doctors and pediatric teachers. Do not give up and the child's visit to various institutions specializing in working with such children. The results are often shocking even the most skeptical parents. And all parents should remember the most important ingredient of successful treatment - about love. Believe me, despite the fact that your kid is "special", he needs at least the other children in your love, understanding and support. And sometimes even much more. After all, you, parents, will become its main support and support in such a difficult process for the child - the process of growing up and adapting to reality around us. We advise you to read:
